O'Brien Selection Guide for Electropolished Tubing (White Paper / Reference)

SELECTION GUIDE Electropolished Tubing for Sample Transport Not all electropolished tubing is equal when used for sample transport. temperature or pressure will cause compounds to be adsorbed at a different rate by the tube or released at different rates from the tube surface and create a false “spike” in the analyzer readings. As a result adsorption and desorption create inconsistent and unpredictable results. This is sometimes referred to as the "memory effect". This problem can often be solved by the use of electropolished and/or SilcoNert coated tubing. Moisture in Gas (Wet Up / Adsorption 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 C out / C in 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 Commercial 316L SMLS SS Time (minutes) TrueTube EP 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 Electropolished Tube Selection for Analyzer Sample Systems Selecting the optimum process tube for use in analyzer sample transport systems requires critical consideration of process conditions. O’Brien provides a wide variety of in house services including chemical passivation, thermocouple cleaning and cleaning for oxygen service. We also furnish chemically passivated tubing with an elemental silicon coating from SilcoTek. O’Brien was the first to develop a process capable of electropolishing long continuous coils of tubing to semiconductor standards for analytical sample transport. ® TrueTube is a family of tubing products developed to provide reliable and repeatable performance in sample transport for process and emissions analyzers. O'Brien Analytical starts with select ASTM grade tubing and enhances its physical characteristics to improve dry-down, adsorption and corrosion resistance. We do this by controlling surface roughness, cleanliness, surface chemistry and reactive contaminants. The advantages of O’Brien TrueTube EP have been verified by independent laboratory testing and industry acceptance. Cleanliness and Reactive Contaminants The O’Brien TrueTube process removes drawing oils and other contaminants that are often present in commercial grade tubing. At the same time surface iron is removed and the tube is left with an enriched Cr/Fe and CrO/FeO ratio which resists corrosion. TrueTube EPS Surface Roughness Surface roughness contributes to adsorption / desorption problems associated with analyzer sample lines. The microphotographs below illustrate one of the differences in tube material and selection. Surface roughness is only one factor to consider when specifying sample tube material. However, like other choices in sample system components, it can improve or limit the repeatable accuracy of the entire system. Selecting Tube Material Consider the level of protection needed against corrosion, porosity, and adsorption as well as the size, wall thickness and metallurgy (or coating) of the tubing. Adsorption When using stainless steel s the transport tubing, adsorption and desorption will exhibit itself as a delay in detecting changes of trace amounts of component (especially moisture and sulfur compounds, H2S and SO2.) The structure of commercial stainless steel tubing is such that compounds may be caught up in the "crevices" and not reach the analyzer. Once the tube is saturated the levels will equalize relative to the process as long as the process composition, temperature and pressure remain constant. Any change in composition, TrueTube EP The photos illustrate the superior surface finish achieved by O’Brien electropolished TrueTube EP. Electropolishing not only improves surface roughness but also provides enhanced corrosion resistance by leaving a chromium enriched surface layer. The Cr:Fe ratio will be a minimum of 1.5:1 and CrO:FeO Electropolished Tubing for Sample Transport ratio will be a minimum of 3:1. With a maximum surface roughness of 10 μ inch and fewer than 40 distinguishable pits, inclusions or defects visible at 3500X magnification, this is the smoothest tube in the TrueTube family. O’Brien TrueTube EP provides improved corrosion resistance and reduced dry-down time. Not All EP Tubing is Equal Specifying electropolished tubing without specifying corresponding requirements for Cr:Fe, CrO:FeO and SEM defect count as well as surface roughness may not prove a tube surface capable of improving sample transport performance. Below is a side-by-side comparison of TrueTube EP that meets the specification and a tube that was simply specified and supplied as electropolished. While the surface roughness in the competitor’s product is low, the SEM defect count was too high to measure. O’Brien Analytical Competition Average Ra (µin) 8 14 Micrograph 1 14 * 2 12 * 3 13 * 4 6 * 5 14 * Average 11.8 N/A Footnote from RJ Lee report: * The surface is not characteristic of high purity electropolished stainless steel, and defect counts would be meaningless. O’Brien TrueTube EP Competitive EP Tubing O’Brien TrueTube EP Competitive EP Tubing Sample Specification: Electropolished Tubing for Sample Transport 1.0 Electropolished tubing, TrueTube® EP as supplied by O’Brien, St. Louis, MO USA. 2.0 Tubing shall be processed and electropolished in a manner to obtain an average ID surface finish per ANSI/ASME B46.1 of 7 µin or less and a maximum of 10 µin. 3.0 SEM analysis shall verify less than 40 distinguishable defects at 3500 times magnification per SEMATECH 90120401B. 4.0 ESCA and AES testing shall verify that the ratio of Cr to Fe is greater than 1.5:1 and that CrO to FeO ratios are greater than 3:1 per SEMATECH 90120403B and 91060573B. 5.0 Electropolished tubing shall be: 5.1. Cleaned with deionized water to remove all traces of electrolyte and other contaminants after electropolishing. 5.2. Dried with Nitrogen containing less than 1 ppm moisture and capped. 6.0 Continuous lengths of electropolished tubing shall be supplied up to the following lengths: 1/8" diameter by 60M, 1/4" and 3/8” diameter by 200M, 1/2” diameter by 100M. Orbitally welded sticks are not acceptable. © 2012, by AMETEK, Inc. All rights reserved • QLT-EPTUBING • 22 MAY 2012 USA • BELGIUM • CHINA • SINGAPORE obcorp@obcorp.com • www.obcorp.com