Siemens In Situ Laser Gas Analyzers LDS 6 Operating Instructions

In-situ Laser Gas Analyzer Operating Instructions • 01/2009 Operating Instructions • 01/2009 LDS 6 In-situ Laser Gas Analyzer  LDS 6 Siemens AG Industry Automation (IA) Sensors and Communication Process Analytics 76181 KARLSRUHE DEUTSCHLAND Änderungen vorbehalten A5E00295894-05 © Siemens AG 2009 www.siemens.com/processautomation A5E00295894D-05 GN: 30500_LDS6 A5E00295894 A5E00295894 4 019169 134279 Continuous Gas Analysis Continuous Gas Analysis In Situ Laser Gas Analyzers LDS 6 General Information 1 Technical Information 2 Installation Guidelines 3 Operation 4 Alarms 5 Maintenance and Service 6 Spare Parts List 7 Technical Data 8 Dimensional Drawings 9 ESD guidelines A List of Abbreviations B Operating Instructions 01/2009 A5E00295894-05 Legal information Warning notice system This manual contains notices you have to observe in order to ensure your personal safety, as well as to prevent damage to property. The notices referring to your personal safety are highlighted in the manual by a safety alert symbol, notices referring only to property damage have no safety alert symbol. These notices shown below are graded according to the degree of danger. DANGER indicates that death or severe personal injury will result if proper precautions are not taken. WARNING indicates that death or severe personal injury may result if proper precautions are not taken. CAUTION with a safety alert symbol, indicates that minor personal injury can result if proper precautions are not taken. CAUTION without a safety alert symbol, indicates that property damage can result if proper precautions are not taken. NOTICE indicates that an unintended result or situation can occur if the corresponding information is not taken into account. If more than one degree of danger is present, the warning notice representing the highest degree of danger will be used. A notice warning of injury to persons with a safety alert symbol may also include a warning relating to property damage. Qualified Personnel The device/system may only be set up and used in conjunction with this documentation. Commissioning and operation of a device/system may only be performed by qualified personnel. Within the context of the safety notes in this documentation qualified persons are defined as persons who are authorized to commission, ground and label devices, systems and circuits in accordance with established safety practices and standards. Proper use of Siemens products Note the following: WARNING Siemens products may only be used for the applications described in the catalog and in the relevant technical documentation. If products and components from other manufacturers are used, these must be recommended or approved by Siemens. Proper transport, storage, installation, assembly, commissioning, operation and maintenance are required to ensure that the products operate safely and without any problems. The permissible ambient conditions must be adhered to. The information in the relevant documentation must be observed. Trademarks All names identified by ® are registered trademarks of the Siemens AG. The remaining trademarks in this publication may be trademarks whose use by third parties for their own purposes could violate the rights of the owner. Disclaimer of Liability We have reviewed the contents of this publication to ensure consistency with the hardware and software described. Since variance cannot be precluded entirely, we cannot guarantee full consistency. However, the information in this publication is reviewed regularly and any necessary corrections are included in subsequent editions. Siemens AG Industry Sector Postfach 48 48 90026 NÜRNBERG GERMANY Ordernumber: A5E00295894 Ⓟ 04/2009 Copyright © Siemens AG 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009. Technical data subject to change Content 1 2 3 4 General Information ................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Information for our Customers .......................................................................................................7 1.2 General Information .......................................................................................................................7 1.3 Special Information and Warnings .................................................................................................8 1.4 Warranty Conditions ......................................................................................................................8 1.5 Delivery Information .......................................................................................................................8 1.6 Standards and Regulations............................................................................................................8 Technical Information ................................................................................................................................ 9 2.1 General Description .......................................................................................................................9 2.2 Design ..........................................................................................................................................13 2.3 Operating Principle ......................................................................................................................19 2.4 Configuration Examples...............................................................................................................20 2.5 Measurement Principle ................................................................................................................21 Installation Guidelines.............................................................................................................................. 25 3.1 Safety Information........................................................................................................................25 3.2 General Installation Information ...................................................................................................28 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 Electrical Connections .................................................................................................................29 Power Supply Connections..........................................................................................................29 Hybrid Cable Connection .............................................................................................................31 Signal Cable Connection .............................................................................................................32 Pin Assignment of LDS 6 .............................................................................................................34 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 Three Channel System ................................................................................................................35 External Power Supply.................................................................................................................35 Three Channel Hybrid Cable Connection ....................................................................................36 3.5 Flange Installation Requirements ................................................................................................37 3.6 Installation of Flanges ..................................................................................................................37 Operation................................................................................................................................................. 41 4.1 General ........................................................................................................................................41 4.2 Input Sequence of Data ...............................................................................................................44 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.3.5 4.3.6 Analyzer Functions ......................................................................................................................47 Summary of Analyzer Functions ..................................................................................................47 Analyzer Status ............................................................................................................................49 Calibration ....................................................................................................................................51 Measuring Ranges.......................................................................................................................52 Parameters...................................................................................................................................52 Configuration................................................................................................................................55 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 5 Content 4.4 5 6 7 8 Watch Dog................................................................................................................................... 64 Alarms ..................................................................................................................................................... 65 5.1 Alarm Response.......................................................................................................................... 65 5.2 Maintenance Request Alarm....................................................................................................... 67 5.3 Faults Alarm ................................................................................................................................ 68 5.4 Transmission Alarm .................................................................................................................... 69 5.5 Limit Alarm .................................................................................................................................. 69 5.6 Function control alarm................................................................................................................. 69 Maintenance and Service ........................................................................................................................ 71 6.1 General about Maintenance and Service.................................................................................... 71 6.2 Cleaning the Central Unit ............................................................................................................ 71 6.3 Cleaning the Wedge Windows .................................................................................................... 71 6.4 Calibration Verification ................................................................................................................ 72 6.5 Reconfiguration of Temperature Compensation ......................................................................... 73 6.6 Reconfiguration of Pressure Compensation ............................................................................... 74 6.7 Reconfiguration of the Path Length ............................................................................................ 75 Spare Parts List ....................................................................................................................................... 77 7.1 7.1.1 7.1.2 Compatibility of detectors with central units................................................................................ 77 Detector Labels ........................................................................................................................... 77 Central Unit Labels...................................................................................................................... 78 7.2 Spare Parts Lists......................................................................................................................... 79 7.3 Ordering Instructions................................................................................................................... 81 7.4 Repair/Upgrade........................................................................................................................... 81 Technical Data......................................................................................................................................... 83 8.1 Central Unit ................................................................................................................................. 83 8.2 Hybrid and Sensor Cables .......................................................................................................... 87 8.3 Purging ........................................................................................................................................ 88 9 Dimensional Drawings ............................................................................................................................. 89 A ESD guidelines ........................................................................................................................................ 93 A.1 B ESD guidelines............................................................................................................................ 93 List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ 95 B.1 List of Abbreviations.................................................................................................................... 95 Index........................................................................................................................................................ 99 6 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 General Information 1.1 1 Information for our Customers Before beginning work with this device, please study this manual carefully! It contains important information and data whose observation ensures proper device function and saves you servicing costs. The manual will help you to operate the device more easily and efficiently, allowing you to achieve reliable results. 1.2 General Information The product described in this manual has left the factory in a high quality and tested condition. In order to preserve this condition and to operate this product correctly and safely, it may only be used in the manner described by the manufacturer. Furthermore, proper transportation, storage, installation, operation and maintenance of the device is vital for ensuring correct and safe operation. This manual contains the information required for the intended use of the described product. It is addressed to technically qualified personnel who are specially trained or who have the relevant knowledge of automation technology (measuring and control systems). Knowledge and technically correct implementation of the safety notes and warnings contained in this manual are required for safe installation and commissioning, as well as for safety during the operation and maintenance of the described product. Only qualified personnel have the required professional knowledge for correctly interpreting the generally valid safety notes and warnings in this manual in each specific case and to act accordingly. This manual is an inherent part of the scope of delivery, despite the fact that it can be ordered separately for logistic reasons. Due to the variety of technical details, it is not possible to consider every single detail for all versions of the described product and for every conceivable case in the set-up, operation, maintenance and use in systems. For further information, or in the case of problems which are not covered in enough detail in this document, please request the required information from your local or responsible Siemens regional office. Note In particular, before using the device for new research and development applications, we recommend that you first contact your Siemens representative or our application department to discuss the application in question. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 7 General Information 1.3 Special Information and Warnings 1.3 Special Information and Warnings This manual provides you with information on using, installing, operating, and maintaining the device. Pay particular attention to all special information and warnings. Information of this type is set apart from the rest of the text and is marked with the corresponding pictograms. This information provides you with useful tips and helps to avoid faulty operation. 1.4 Warranty Conditions We expressly point out that the product quality is exclusively and conclusively described in the sales contract. The content of this product documentation is neither a part of a previous or existing agreement, promise or legal relationship, nor is it intended to modify these. All obligations on the part of Siemens AG are contained in the respective sales contract, which also contains the complete and solely applicable liability provisions. The provisions defined in the sales contract for the responsibility for defects are neither extended nor limited by the remarks in this document. 1.5 Delivery Information The respective scope of delivery is listed on the shipping documents – enclosed with the delivery – in accordance with the valid sales contract. When opening the packaging, please observe the corresponding information on the packaging material. Check the delivery for completeness and undamaged condition. In particular, you should compare the Order No. on the rating plates with the ordering data, if available. If possible, please retain the packaging material, since you can use it again in case of return deliveries. 1.6 Standards and Regulations As far as possible, the harmonized European standards were the basis for the specification and production of this device. If no harmonized European standards have been applied, the standards and regulations for the Federal Republic of Germany are valid. When this product is used beyond the scope of these standards and regulations, the valid standards and regulations of the country of the operating company apply. 8 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Technical Information 2.1 2 General Description Overview LDS 6 is a diode laser gas analyzer with a measuring principle based on the specific light absorption of different gas components. LDS 6 is suitable for fast and non-contact measurement of gas concentrations or temperatures in process or flue gases. One or two signals from up to three measuring points are processed simultaneously by one central analyzer unit. The in-situ cross-duct sensors at each measuring point can be separated up to 700 m from the central unit by using fiber-optic cables. The sensors are designed for operation under harsh environmental conditions and contain a minimum of electrical components. Figure 2-1 LDS 6, typical installation with transmitted-light sensors LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 9 Technical Information 2.1 General Description Benefits The in-situ gas analyzer LDS 6 is characterized by a high availability and unique analytical selectivity, and by a broad scope of suitable applications. LDS 6 enables the measurement of one or two gas components or – if desired – the gas temperature directly in the process: ● With high levels of dust load ● In hot, humid, corrosive, explosive, or toxic gases ● In applications showing strong varying gas compositions ● Under harsh environmental conditions at the measuring point ● Highly selective, i.e. mostly without cross-sensitivities LDS 6 properties: ● Little installation effort ● Minimum maintenance requirements ● Extremely rugged design ● High long-term stability through built-in, maintenance-free reference gas cell, field calibration is unnecessary ● Real-time measurements Moreover, the instrument provides warning and failure messages upon: ● Need for maintenance ● Erroneous reference function ● Bad signal quality ● Exceeding of a lower or upper alarm level for the measured variable ● Transmitted amount of light exceeding an upper or lower limit 10 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Technical Information 2.1 General Description Application The LDS 6 laser gas analyzer is suitable for a wide range of applications. The most common of them are: ● Process optimization ● Continuous emission monitoring for all kinds of fuels (oil, gas, coal, and others) ● Process measurements in power utilities and any kind of incinerator ● Process control ● Explosion protection ● Measurements in corrosive and toxic gases ● Quality control ● Environmental protection ● Plant and operator safety Sectors ● Power plants ● Steel works ● Cement industry ● Chemical and petrochemical plants ● Automotive industry ● Waste incinerators ● Glass and ceramics production ● Research and development Special applications In addition to the standard applications, special applications are available upon request. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 11 Technical Information 2.1 General Description Essential characteristics ● Integrated calibration adjustment with an internal reference cell ● Negligible long-term drifts of zero and span ● Dynamic background correction for varying dust loads ● Isolated signal outputs, 4 to 20 mA ● User-friendly, menu-driven operation ● Selectable time constants (response time) ● Two user levels with individual access codes for prevention of unwanted and unauthorized operations ● Operation according to NAMUR recommendations ● Monitoring of overall optical transmission ● Remote preventive maintenance and servicing via Ethernet/modem ● Straightforward replacement of the central unit, since connections can easily be removed ● Sensor and central unit housing free of wear and corrosion ● Easy operation with a numerical keypad and menu prompting Certified versions for emission monitoring The LDS 6 is available as certified instrument for emission monitoring of NH3, NH3/H2O, H2O, HCl, HCl/H2O. The certificates are issued by TÜV for Germany and MCERTS for the United Kingdom. For conducting regular linearity and calibration checks, test kits for ammonia, water and HCl should be used. These kits can be ordered separately as instrument accessories. For new analyzer orders, the NH3, NH3/H2O and H2O kits named "Version 2" must be ordered. In case of doubt or for already installed analyzers, please contact Siemens for spotting the correct kit version. 12 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Technical Information 2.2 Design 2.2 Design The gas analyzer LDS 6 consists of a central unit and up to three in-situ sensors. The connection between the central unit and the sensors is established by a so-called hybrid cable, which contains optical fibers and copper wires. An additional cable connects the transmitter and receiver parts of the cross-duct sensor. Central unit The central unit is housed in a 19" rack with 4 holders for mounting in a hinged frame in racks with or without telescopic rails. The LDS 6 operates as an independent unit powered by a 100-240 V AC main power supply. Figure 2-2 CentralUnit LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 13 Technical Information 2.2 Design Display and control panel ● Large LCD field for simultaneous display of measurement result and device status ● Contrast of the LCD field is adjustable via the menu ● LED background illumination of the display with energy-saving function ● Easy-to-clean membrane touch pad with softkeys ● Menu-driven operation for parameterization and diagnostics ● Operation support in plain text /('EDFNOLWJUDSKLF GLVSOD\DQGPHPEUDQH WDFWLOHWRXFKNH\ERDUG 6WDWXVOLQHWRLQGLFDWH WKHGHYLFHVWDWXV 7ZRFRGHOHYHOV DFFRUGLQJWR1$085 0HQXGULYHQ RSHUDWRUFRQWURO ZLWKILYHVRIWNH\V 1XPHULFGLVSOD\ RIFRQFHQWUDWLRQV (6&NH\ WRFDQFHOHQWULHV 1XPHULFNH\SDG IRUHQWHULQJGLJLWV ,1)2NH\ IRUKHOSLQSODLQWH[W &/($5NH\ WRGHOHWHWKH GLJLWVHQWHUHG Figure 2-3 14 (17(5NH\ WRDGRSW WKHQXPEHUV 0($6NH\ WRUHWXUQGLUHFWWR PHDVXUHPHQWPRGH LDS 6 central unit, membrane keyboard and graphic display LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Technical Information 2.2 Design Inputs and outputs ● One to three measurement channels with hybrid connections for the sensors at the measuring points ● Two analog inputs per channel for process gas temperature and pressure ● Two analog outputs per channel for gas concentration(s) or for gas temperature and concentration For selected versions, the transmission can be read out as an alternative. ● Six freely configurable binary inputs per channel for signalling faults or maintenance requests from external temperature or pressure transducers or sensor purging failure. ● Six freely configurable binary outputs per channel (signalling of faults, maintenance requirements, function control, transmission limit alarms, concentration limit alarms, store analog output) Communication Network connection: Ethernet (10Base-T) for remote diagnostics and maintenance. The LDS 6 can be operated remotely via the Ethernet port with a PC running Windows 95/98/ME or Windows NT/2000/XP. It is also possible to connect the LDS 6 via modem to the public telephone net. In that case an LDS 6 LAN modem kit is required. Any external connection requires the optional software LDSComm (LDS Communication Client) to be installed on the remote computer. All aspects of LDS 6 can be controlled in this way. For the operation of the LDS 6 using LDSComm software refer to the LDSComm Manual (A5E02183317). Maintenance and fault messages LDS 6 outputs different warnings via relays: ● Need for maintenance (measured value is not influenced) ● Operating error (measured value might be influenced) LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 15 Technical Information 2.2 Design Cross-duct sensors Figure 2-4 Sensor CD 6, transmitter or receiver unit ● In-situ cross-duct sensors, configured as transmitter and receiver unit, connected via sensor cable ● Connection to the LDS 6 central unit by a so-called hybrid cable, max. length 700 m ● Stainless steel, partially painted ● IP65 degree of protection for sensor ● Adjustable flanges with flange connection DN 65/PN 6, ANSI 4"/150 lbs ● Optional flameproof window flanges with dimensions: DN 65/PN 6, DN 80/PN 16, ANSI 4"/150 lbs, other process interfaces available on request ● Purging facilities on the process and the sensor sides, configurable application with purging gas connections for: – Instrument air – Purging air blower – Steam – Nitrogen – Process gases to which the pressure equipment directive cat. 2 does not apply ● In combination with high-pressure window flanges, purging with instrument air or nitrogen is possible ● Fast connectors for cleaning the measurement openings and the sensor window 16 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Technical Information 2.2 Design ● Optional: Ex-protected version according to ATEX II 1GD T135 °C EEx ia IIC T4, Cert. No. DEMKO 06 ATEX 139648X. Certificates according to IEC and TIIS are also available ● Sensor types CD 6 and CD 6C are compliant with the pressure equipment directive Note The sensors are described in detail in separate manuals which is part of their delivery. ATEX sensors The sensors are also available in an ATEX version - see also separate user manual. These have very low power electronics and are intrinsically safe. For use in areas with potentially explosive atmosphere a barrier box must be installed additionally. For further information regarding the ATEX option please refer to the separate ATEX manual for LDS 6. Parts in contact with the process gases The sensors normally do not come into contact with the process gas, since purging with a gaseous media is applied at the process side. Stainless steel purging gas tubes in front of the sensor windows immerse slightly into the process gas and thus limit the purging volume. Special materials such as Hastelloy, plastics (PP) and ceramics are available on request. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 17 Technical Information 2.2 Design Hybrid and sensor cables A combination of fiber-optic cables and twisted copper wires connects the sensors to the central unit. The hybrid cable connects the central unit with the transmitter unit of the sensor, the sensor cable connects the transmitter and receiver units of the sensor. 3 1 Twisted pair of wires 2 Multimode fiber 3 Singlemode fiber Figure 2-5 2 1 Connections of the hybrid cable For installation in EEx-protected environments, the legislative regulations have to be complied with, such as the spatial separation of intrinsically-safe from non-intrinsically-safe cables. ● Max. 700 m between central unit and measuring point ● Hybrid and sensor cables – Multimode fiber-optic cable, provided with SMA connections for transmission of the measured signal – Two-wire copper cable, in twisted pair version, for +24 V supply of the detector electronics (+12 V in the case of EEx-suitable instruments) ● Additionally for the hybrid cable: – Single-mode fiber-optic cable, configured double-sided with E2000 connectors for transmission of laser light ● Rugged cable sheath for mounting in open cable ducts or ductworks ● Sheath material: oil-resistant polyurethane 18 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Technical Information 2.3 Operating Principle 2.3 Operating Principle LDS 6 is a gas analyzer employing single-line molecular absorption spectroscopy. A diode laser emits a beam of near-infrared light, which passes through the process gas and is detected by a receiver unit. The wavelength of the laser diode output is tuned to a gasspecific absorption line. The laser continuously scans this single absorption line with a very high spectral resolution. The result is a fully resolved single molecular line which is analyzed in terms of absorption strength and line shape. The influence of cross-sensitivities on the measurement is negligible, since the quasi-monochromatic laser light is absorbed very selectively by only one specific molecular line in the scanned spectral range. &HQWUDOXQLW +\EULGFDEOHV 0HDVXUHPHQWSDWK /DVHUOLJKW 37 (OHFWULFDOVLJQDOV 0HDVXUHG YROXPH 5HIOHFWHG/('OLJKW &38DQG GLVSOD\ /DVHU FRQWURO 6LJQDO SURFHVVLQJ 'LRGH ODVHU &KDQQHO (2 37 (2 37 (2 2SWRFRXSOHU 0HDVXUHG YROXPH &KDQQHO (2 (2 37 5HIHUHQFH FHOO 37 0HDVXUHG YROXPH &KDQQHO (2 Figure 2-6 Basic design of the LDS 6 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 19 Technical Information 2.4 Configuration Examples 2.4 Configuration Examples A feature of the in-situ analytical procedure is that the physical measurement takes place directly in the stream of process gas, and usually also directly in the actual process gas line. All process parameters such as gas matrix, pressure, temperature, moisture, dust load, flow velocity and mounting orientation can influence the measuring properties of the LDS 6 and must therefore be systematically investigated for each new application. &HQWUDOXQLW 3URFHVVIODQJH 7UDQVPLWWHUXQLW +\EULGFDEOH PD[OHQJWKP *DVFRQFHQWUDWLRQ )OXHJDV FRPSRVLWLRQ 6WHDP 'XVWORDG *DVYHORFLW\ *DVWHPSHUDWXUH *DVSUHVVXUH 5HFHLYHU 0HDVXUHPHQW SDWKOHQJWK 6HQVRUFRQQHFWLQJFDEOH 6XSSOHPHQWDU\FKDQQHORSWLRQ 6XSSOHPHQWDU\FKDQQHORSWLRQ Figure 2-7 Typical transmitted light setup of LDS 6, in-situ A feature of the standard applications defined in the ordering data of the LDS 6 is that the typical process conditions are well-known and documented, and that the guaranteed measuring properties can be proven by reference installations. If you cannot find your application among the standard applications, please contact Siemens. We will be pleased to check your possible individual application of the LDS 6. You can find an application questionnaire on the LDS product sites on the Internet. To avoid contamination of sensor openings on the process side, clean gaseous purging media are used such as instrument air, N2 or steam. Purging air tubes on the sensor heads, which slightly penetrate into the process gas stream, define the effective measuring path length. +\EULGFDEOH PD[OHQJWKNP 6XSSOHPHQWDU\ FKDQQHORSWLRQ 6XSSOHPHQWDU\ FKDQQHORSWLRQ Figure 2-8 6HQVRUFRQQHFWLQJFDEOH 7UDQVPLWWHUXQLW &HQWUDOXQLW 6DPSOH JDV LQOHW 7HPSHUDWXUH VHQVRU 6DPSOHJDV RXWOHW 5HFHLYHU Typical transmitted light setup of LDS 6, in bypass The LDS 6 can measure in both the transverse and longitudinal directions of the process gas flow. In certain cases, the process conditions make it necessary to condition the sample gas stream in a bypass line with respect to process temperature, pressure and/or optical path length. Further treatment of the process gas, such as drying or dust precipitation, is usually not necessary. 20 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 +\EULGFDEOH PD[OHQJWKP 6XSSOHPHQWDU\ FKDQQHORSWLRQ 6XSSOHPHQWDU\ FKDQQHORSWLRQ Figure 2-9 2.5 7UDQVPLWWHUXQLW +HDWLQJ RSWLRQ 6DPSOHJDVLQOHW &HQWUDOXQLW 6HQVRUFRQQHFWLQJFDEOH Technical Information 2.5 Measurement Principle 3XPS 5HFHLYHU Measuring configuration of LDS 6 with heated flow cell Measurement Principle Mode of operation The operation of LDS 6 is based on the fact that light propagating through a gas mixture will be absorbed according to Beer-Lambert's law at certain narrow wavelength bands. This is where the gases possess molecular transitions forming narrow absorption lines. The light source in LDS 6 is a semi-conductor laser tuned to an appropriate absorption line for the gas to be measured. The laser light is spectrally much narrower than the gas absorption line and this, together with a proper choice of absorption line, will result in low interference from other gases. The light is modulated, both in frequency and in amplitude, to facilitate detection on the second harmonic as well as elimination of contribution from spectrally broad absorption originating from dust, smoke, etc. LDS 6 is connected to the measuring points by fiber optics. The laser light is guided by a single-mode fiber from the central unit to the transmitter unit of the in-situ sensor. The sensor consists of a transmitter and a receiver; the distance between them defines the measurement path. In the receiver box, the light is focused onto a suitable detector. The detector signal is then converted into an optical signal and transmitted via a second optical fiber to the central unit, where the concentration of the gas component is determined from the detected absorption signal. LDS 6 usually measures a single gas component by means of the absorption capacity of a single fully resolved molecular absorption line. The absorption results from conversion of the radiation energy of the laser light into the internal energy of the molecule. In the working range of the LDS 6, both rotation-vibration transitions and electronic transitions – such as with O2 – can be triggered. In some specific cases, two components can be measured simultaneously if their absorption lines are so close to each other that they can be detected within the laser spectrum by one single scan (for example water (H2O) and ammonia (NH3)). LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 21 Technical Information 2.5 Measurement Principle 1.0 0.9 Relative absorption 0.8 H2O 15% 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 NH3 5ppm 0.2 0.1 0.0 1.543 Figure 2-10 1.5435 1.544 1.5445 1.545 Wavelength [μm] 1.5455 1.546 Absorption spectra of water and ammonia Moreover, in some applications it is possible to determine the gas temperature as a measured value. In this case, the ratio of the absorbance of two characteristic lines of the same molecule measured at the same time in the same volume gives the actual temperature in the process gas. Typical measurable gases for LDS 6 are: ● Oxygen (O2) for low and high pressure ● Oxygen + temperature ● Hydrogen fluoride (HF) + water ● Hydrogen chloride (HCl) + water ● Ammonia (NH3) + water ● Water vapor (H2O) ● Carbon monoxide (CO) ● Carbon dioxide (CO2) ● CO + CO2 By using an internal reference cell normally filled with the gas measured, the stability of the spectrometer is permanently checked in a reference channel. By doing so, the continuous validity of the calibration is ensured without the need to carry out external recalibration using bottled test gases or reference gas cells. 22 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Technical Information 2.5 Measurement Principle $EVRUSWLRQOLQH /DVHUOLQH Figure 2-11 Typical spectral bandwidth of an absorption line compared to the bandwidth of the laser light Influences on the measurement Dust load As long as the laser beam is able to generate a suitable detector signal, the dust load of the process gases does not influence the analytical result. By applying a dynamic background correction, measurements can be carried out without any negative impact. Under good conditions, particle densities up to 100 g/Nm3 can be handled by the LDS 6. Varying dust loads are compensated by scanning the laser over the gas absorption line and the current background. At a scan position next to the absorption line, the instrument can "see" only absorption caused by the dust load where at the line center the signal is composed of the molecular absorption and the continuous, unspecific background absorption. With the wavelength modulation technique, the actual measured transmission is always compared with the baseline. After signal processing, phase-sensitive application delivers a signal only from the molecular line free of background. The influence of a high dust load is complex and depends on the path length and particle size. The optical damping increases at longer path lengths. Smaller particles also have a large influence on the optical damping. With a combination of high dust load, long path length and small particle size, the technical support at Siemens should be consulted. Temperature The temperature influence on the absorption line strength is compensated by a correction factor determined during calibration. A temperature signal can be fed into the instrument from an external temperature sensor. This signal is then used to correct the influence of the temperature on the observed line strength. If the temperature of the sample gas remains constant, it is alternatively possible to carry out a static correction using a preset value. At high temperatures there may be noticeable broadband IR radiation of gas and dust, or flames may occasionally occur in the measurement path. In this case the detector is protected by an optical bandpass filter to prevent saturation by the strong background radiation. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 23 Technical Information 2.5 Measurement Principle Pressure The gas pressure can affect the line shape of the molecular absorption line. LDS 6 uses a special algorithm to adapt the line shape. Additionally, an external pressure signal can be fed to the instrument to provide complete compensation for the pressure influence including the density effect. Cross-interferences Since LDS 6 derives its signal from a single fully resolved molecular absorption line, crossinterferences with other gases are quite unlikely. LDS 6 is therefore able to measure the desired gas components very selectively. In special cases, the composition of the process gas might have an influence on the shape of the absorption line features. This influence is compensated by analyzing the full shape of the detected signal curve applying specific algorithms. Optical path length The absorption values analyzed by the LDS 6 are typically small. As a result of BeerLambert’s law, the absorption of laser light depends on the optical path length within the gas. Therefore, the precision in determining the effective optical path length in the process might limit the overall precision of the measurement. As the sensor openings toward the process normally need to be purged to keep them clean over a long period of time, the thickness of the mixing zone between the purging medium and the process gas and its concentration distribution need to be considered. In a typical insitu installation with some meters of path, the influence of the purging gas on the effective path length can be neglected. Path length and dust load are mutually influencing: the higher the dust load in the process, the shorter the max. possible path length. Note Individual requirements for the measuring point can make the utilization of special sensor equipment necessary. The possibilities for adapting the sensors are: • Different purging media, such as instrument air, ambient air, nitrogen or steam • Different purging modes on process and sensor sides • Special materials of purging tubes and/or sensor flanges • Cooling or heating of the sensors • EEx-proof sensor configurations 24 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Installation Guidelines 3.1 3 Safety Information It is essential that you observe the given information and warnings! Electrical Safety DANGER Certain parts inside the gas analyzer LDS 6 carry dangerous voltages. The housing must be closed and grounded before switching on the analyzer. Death, personal injury and/or damage to persons and/or property may result if this is not observed. LDS 6 and CD 6 meet all regulations specified in the present EU regulations (LVD regulation 2006/95/EC and EMC regulation 2004/108/EC). The device can be used in an industrial environment. Laser Safety All lasers used by LDS 6 are of class 1. The emitted laser light is in most cases invisible (near infrared) and the intensity is low enough so that the unprotected eye is not damaged under normal circumstances. LDS 6 has warning labels at appropriate positions according to DIN EN 60825-1. CAUTION This device emits laser beams. To avoid damage to your eyes never look directly into the laser beam. If this rule is not followed there is a chance that damage to the unprotected eye may occur if you look directly into the laser beam particularly when using focusing optics (e. g. binoculars). LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 25 Installation Guidelines 3.1 Safety Information Heat Safety Some metal parts and piping placed near the sensors are at elevated temperatures. The reason is high temperature purging - either from steam or from air. CAUTION The sensors are designed for work at elevated temperatures, particularly when a purging system is in operation. Even after operation these parts cool off slowly. For any work around these sensors be sure to wear protective gloves. If this rule is not followed serious burns of the unprotected skin may happen. Pressure Safety The sensor is tested at a pressure of 600 kPa. This pressure value should not be exceeded in operational conditions. WARNING Should pressures higher than 600 kPa occur in the process, this can lead to destruction of the sensors and their environment. In worst case process media may break free and pollute the environment. Avoid under any circumstances process pressures higher than 600 kPa. If this rule is not followed, death, injuries and/or damage to property and environment can occur. Explosion Protection - II 1GD T135 °C EEx ia IIC T4 IP65 The LDS 6, with a central unit and sensors interconnected with optical fibers, is explosion safe. Only a limited, low energy part of the electronics is located at the measurement site. The distance between the central unit and the sensors can be several hundred meters. The LDS 6 system is available in an Ex version and is then delivered with an approval for use in hazardous environments. The ATEX certificate is a system certificate and is only valid if LDS 6 is installed according to the instructions given in the certificate. 26 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Installation Guidelines 3.1 Safety Information Approval The concept of the Ex approval is that the central unit is unchanged from a standard unit and that a special Ex sensor pair (CD 6 Ex) is used in the hazardous zone. In addition to this an explosion protection barrier is added before entry into the hazardous zone. An absolute condition for the approval is that the equipment is set up according to the drawing, ADM 3040 3050, please refer to the separate ATEX manual for LDS 6. The protection is as follows: Cross Duct Sensor Central (Barrier) Unit - II 1G Ex ia IIC T4 II (1)G Ex [ia] IIC II 1D IP65 T135 °C. II (1)D Ex [iaD]. ● Equipment Group: Group II - Surface. ● Equipment Category: Category 1G D - Zone 0. Flammable material can be present continuously, frequently or for long periods, in gas and dust. ● Type of protection: EEx ia. The equipment present in the hazardous area is intrinsically safe. ● Explosion group: IIC. This corresponds to a gas group containing Acetylene and Hydrogen. ● Temperature class: T4. The maximum surface temperature on the equipment is 135 °C (275 °F) and the ignition temperature of the gas or vapor is between 135 °C (275 °F) and 200 °C (392 °F). ● The sensor housing protection is IP65 and the ambient temperature must be between -30 °C (-22 °F) and +60 °C (140 °F) . Liability Following commissioning, the total responsibility is with the owner. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 27 Installation Guidelines 3.2 General Installation Information 3.2 General Installation Information Mounting Conditions The central unit LDS 6 should be placed on a location which is dust-free and as free as possible from vibrations. The distance between the central unit and the measurement point, i.e. the sensor, may not exceed 1000 meters (3,280 ft) for the non ATEX version and 600 m (1,970 ft) for the ATEX version. During operation the permissible surrounding air temperature is 5 °C (41 °F) to 45 °C (113 °F), with a relative humidity of maximum 85% non-condensing, around the central unit. Also ensure that the unit is not exposed to direct solar radiation. If these conditions can’t be fulfilled the LDS 6 must be installed in a cabinet with controlled environment. Note As condensing is normally a problem when moving the device from outside to inside a building it is recommended that the device should be adapted to room climate for a couple of hours before starting it. The back of the unit must be freely accessible. There should be at least 10 cm (4 ") of free space behind the LDS 6 to accommodate the signal and hybrid cables. To meet the safety requirements for air convection and cooling there must be a free space of at least 5 cm (2 ") above and at least 3 cm (1 1/4 ")below LDS 6. For detailed information on the sensor installation, please refer to the sensor manual corresponding to your system setup. 28 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Installation Guidelines 3.3 Electrical Connections Hybrid Cables The hybrid cables should be installed such that they are protected from mechanical wear such as sharp edges or moving parts. During installation always keep the protective tube in such a position that the single mode fiber connector is protected from dust. The operating temperature for the cables is -40 to +80°C (-40 to 176 °F) and the installation temperature is -20 to +80°C (-4 to 176 °F). The bending radius of the cables may never be smaller than 100 mm (4 "). Note Throughout the entire installation, keep the fiber ends protected by the protective tubes; observe that these should only be removed by authorized personnel. There are three kinds of cables used for the LDS 6 depending on the application: ● Hybrid cables for all types of systems except oxygen. These are installed between the LDS 6 and the transmitter sensor. ● Hybrid cables for oxygen systems only, also installed between the LDS 6 and the transmitter sensor. ● Loop cables, same for all systems, are installed between the transmitter sensor and the receiver sensor. 3.3 Electrical Connections 3.3.1 Power Supply Connections WARNING The respective country-specific standards for the installation of power systems with rated voltages below 1000 V must be followed. Failure to observe these regulations may result in death, personal injury and/or damage to property. General ● Check that the local voltage agrees with that specified on the label on the analyzer. ● The cable must be tested according to IEC 60227 or IEC 60245 and must be suitable for 70 °C (158 °F). ● The power cable must be routed separately from the hybrid cables. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 29 Installation Guidelines 3.3 Electrical Connections Detachable Cord ● The analyzer is supplied with an appliance plug which may only be connected to the power supply by qualified personnel. The cross-section of the conductors must be at least 1 mm2. The phase conductor must be connected to the identified position (L). ● Only detachable power supply cords tested by an accepted third party Lab accredited for the region where the unit is to be used is allowed. This cord must be suitable for the rated current and limited in length. This flexible cord must also be suitable for an ambient temperature of 70 °C (158 °F) and is not allowed to be mounted in building installations. ● As the kind of appliance inlet is only suitable for 70 °C (158 °F) ambient temperature the power cord must be kept away with suitable means from surfaces of more than 70 °C (158 °F) at max. rated operation conditions. ● It is not allowed to install a switch within the power supply cord. Electrical Protection ● A circuit-breaker shall be part of the installation. It must be provided in the immediate vicinity of the analyzer (see rating plate for loading capacity). It must also be labeled to correlate with the instrument. 30 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Installation Guidelines 3.3 Electrical Connections 3.3.2 Hybrid Cable Connection The hybrid cable is connected at the back of the central unit, where its two optical cables and the supply line for the sensor wire are attached, as shown in the picture below. 1 Figure 3-1 2 3 4 5 6 LDS 6 cable connections (here only channel 3 is connected) WARNING Keep the fiber end protected, by the protective tube, until it is time for connection. Only authorized personnel are entitled to remove the protective tube and proceed with the connecting operation. 1. Hybrid cable holder. 2. E2000 Single Mode fiber connector, angle polished. 3. SMA Multi Mode fiber connector. 4. Sensor voltage supply connection. 24 V/60 mA. 5. Signal output connections. 6. Network connection. Ethernet 10Base-T (RJ-45). See also Pin Assignment of LDS 6 (Page 34) Signal Cable Connection (Page 32) LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 31 Installation Guidelines 3.3 Electrical Connections 3.3.3 Signal Cable Connection CAUTION The signal voltages must be electrically isolated extra-low voltages (SELV). The maximum voltage potential accessible to persons is 33 Veff or 46,7 V peak or 70 V dc. If several SELV voltages are available, then it is possible that the sum of these potentials is higher than that allowed to get in contact with the human body. WARNING The signal cables must only be connected to devices which guarantee safe isolation from their power supply. If signals (i.e. analog output 4-20 mA) are to be routed into a potentially explosive atmosphere of zone 1, they must be intrinsically safe. Supplementary retrofitting of the analyzer with energy-limiting modules is necessary. The Ex identification of these modules must be clearly visible on the housing: ● The signal cables in the rack mount analyzer are connected to the DSUB plugs at the rear. ● RC elements must be connected according to the figure "Spark suppression" below as a measure to suppress the generation of sparks across the relay contacts (i.e. limit relays). Note that the RC element results in a drop-out delay for an inductive component (i.e. solenoid valve). The RC element should therefore be dimensioned according to the following rule-of-thumb: R [Ω] ≅ 0.2 x RL [Ω] C [µF] ≅ IL [A] Additionally, make sure that you only use a non-polarized capacitor C. Note When using direct current, it is possible to fit a spark suppression diode instead of the RC element. The cables to the relay outputs and binary inputs as well as the analog inputs and outputs must be screened. They must be connected to the corresponding trapezoidal DSUB plug according to the diagram "Pin assignments for I/O connectors". The conductor cross-section should be 0.5 mm2. It is recommended to use cables of type JE-LiYCY... BD. The cable length of the analog outputs depends on the load. 32 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Installation Guidelines 3.3 Electrical Connections 68%')FRQQHFWRU  0     3RZHUVXSSO\9PD[   5  ,/ 5/    &        5>˖@[5 />˖@ &>˩)@, />$@         0 Figure 3-2  Spark suppression on a relay contact The preceding figure shows an example of measure to suppress sparks on a relay contact. Since the DSUB connector and the spacings on board and on connector are only suitable for detachable voltages (signal) and as the power is located outside this powers supply, circuit must be SELV and the power must be limited according to EN61010-1 (Table 13 or 14) when an over current protective device is used. ● The reference ground of the analog inputs is the housing potential. ● The analog outputs are floating, also with respect to one another. ● The interface cable must be screened and connected to housing potential. The cable screen must be connected with a large-area contact to the screen of the DSUB plug. The conductor cross-section should be at least 0.5 mm2. The interface cable must not be longer than 500 meters (1,640 ft). ● In the case of analyzers with two or three channels, the analyzer sections are connected in parallel and the signal cables of each channel are independent. Only the power plug is common to all channels. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 33 Installation Guidelines 3.3 Electrical Connections 3.3.4 Pin Assignment of LDS 6 The signal connection is carried out by using two DSUB connectors for each channel – one 15 pins and one 25 pins. Connector SUB-D 15F GND 15 14 13 12 GND 11 GND 10 GND 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 GND Analog output 2-P Analog output 2-N Analog output 1-P Analog output 1-N NC GND Analog input 2-P Analog input 2-N Analog input 1-P Analog input 1-N Binary input 6-P Binary input 5-P Binary inputs 5 to 6-N GND Analog outputs: floating (also to one another), RL ≤ 750 Ω Pressure correction Pressure correction Temperature correction Temperature correction Component 2 (if present) Component 1 Non-floating analog inputs Floating via opto isolator "0" = 0 V (0 to 4.5 V) "1" = 24 V (13 to 33 V) Connector SUB-D 25F GND 13 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 GND Figure 3-3 34 14 12 11 10 GND Binary input 4-P Binary input 3-P Binary input 2-P Binary input 1-P Binary inputs 1 to 4-N Floating via opto isolator "0" = 0 V (0 to 4.5 V) "1" = 24 V (13 to 33 V) Relay 6 9 8 7 Relay 5 Relay 4 6 5 4 Relay 3 The relay is de-energized in the shown contact position Relay 2 3 2 Relay 1 1 GND Contact loading max. 24 V/1 A, AC/DC Pin assignment for I/O connections LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Installation Guidelines 3.4 Three Channel System 3.4 Three Channel System 3.4.1 External Power Supply The three channel version of LDS 6 uses an external power supply for the sensors. The setup at the sensor site is the same as for one and two channel systems. Also the ATEX version of the three channel LDS 6 is using an external power supply leaving the sensors unaffected when a third channel is added. The external power supply is connected by adding the pins into two corresponding screws of the 6 pole socket at the back of the central unit as seen in the following figure. 24 V DC +V Fuse -V L N 100-240 V AC Figure 3-4 Schematics of the external power supply. + ದ + ದ + ದ CH 1 24 V DC CH 2 24 V DC CH 3 24 V DC Fuses: Central unit:100 ... 240 V: T2.5L250V External power supply:100 ... 240 V: T1.25L250V LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 35 Installation Guidelines 3.4 Three Channel System 3.4.2 Three Channel Hybrid Cable Connection In a three channel instrument, the electrical wires in the hybrid cables are connected according to the following figure. 6 pole screw socket for 24 V external power supply (2 poles per sensor). Note that the polarity is not important for non ATEX use whereas it is for ATEX. +–+–+– Figure 3-5 Connection of electrical cables for a 3 channel unit CAUTION The instrument is not designed to feed 3 sensors using the internal power supply. 36 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Installation Guidelines 3.5 Flange Installation Requirements 3.5 Flange Installation Requirements Before the gas analyzer and its sensors can be used, a pair of process flanges should be installed at the measurement site. The flanges must be installed at a safe and accessible position to make installation and service easy to accomplish. The flanges should be welded to the wall of the furnace or funnel as shown in the figure below. The flange must protrude at least 100 mm (4") from the wall and 0-30 mm (0-1.2") into the furnace/funnel. Figure 3-6 Sensor CD 6 mounted on a process flange There are applications where furnace walls move due to variations in temperature. If the furnace walls move the sensors will be miss-aligned and the measurement interrupted. To overcome this, the sensor can be fixed to a girder or other structure that is not influenced by the temperature and the flexible metal tube is fitted between the process flange and the sensor flange. Remember that the flanges fitted for the sensors must not deviate more than ±2°. Note It is very important that the flanges are mounted so that they are aligned. Otherwise the measurements will not be correct. 3.6 Installation of Flanges When welding the flange tubes it is recommended to have the Flange Alignment Kit. The Flange Alignment Kit from Siemens consists of a light source, two flanges, an aiming tool and a battery charger for the light source. Make sure there is enough room for the sensor. Especially take into consideration that it should be easy to mount or dismount and that the sensors lid should be able to open fully. Safe working space around the sensors are also needed, guardrails, ladders, etc. The figure below illustrates the process for installation of flanges. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 37 Installation Guidelines 3.6 Installation of Flanges Alignment procedure. 2 2 3 1 4 Figure 3-7 Usage of the items in the flange alignment kit 1. Light source 2. Alignment flanges 3. Aiming tool 4. Process flange to be aligned This is the alignment procedure 1. Weld the flange tubes loosely on each side of the wall. Do not weld them so hard that the angle of the tubes can not be adjusted with a hammer. 2. Mount the light source on one flange and the aiming tool on the other flange. 3. Turn on the light source. 4. Adjust the focus on the aiming tool until the light spot from the light source is sharp. 5. Adjust the angle of the process flange tube, using for instance a rubber hammer, until the light spot is centered on the cross hair on the aiming tool. 6. Weld the aligned flange tube permanently into this position. 7. Shift light source and aiming tool and repeat the procedure above for the opposite flange until the other tube also is permanently welded. Note It is important that the flanges are aligned from both sides. Therefore, remember to shift light source and aiming tool and repeat the procedure from the other side as well. It is also important that the sensor flanges are oriented in such a way that the spring loaded bolts are located in the lower section of the flange. 38 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Installation Guidelines 3.6 Installation of Flanges Flange Alignment Deviation When both flange-tubes are permanently fixed the deviation from the theoretical optical path must not exceed ±2°. This is because the alignment flanges can be adjusted maximum ±2°. See the figure below. $SSUR[PP PLQPP 2 1 0D[LPXPGHYLDWLRQ 2° :DOOWKLFNQHVV LQFOXGLQJLQVXODWLRQ 0HDVXUHPHQW$WREHPHDVXUHGDIWHULQVWDOODWLRQ Figure 3-8 Customer flange alignment The required precision of the flange alignment The aim should always be to achieve the best possible alignment of the flanges, i.e. to get the center of the dot as close as possible to the center of the crosshair on the alignment tool. This will allow for small changes, for example caused by thermal movement later on. For a normal installation using standard 400 mm purging tubes the alignment is usually good enough if the center of the dot is within 3 mm from the center. The lines closest to the center of the crosshair are about 3 mm from the center. Note If long purging tubes will be used, a greater effort should be made to align the flanges perfectly. Depending on the diameter and length of the stubs the possibility to align the sensors is more restricted when long purging tubes are used. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 39 4 Operation 4.1 General Once the installation of the sensors at the measurement points is done and the connection via hybrid cables to the LDS 6 is established, the system is ready to be used. The functions in the LDS 6 are controlled through a keypad on the front of the panel. A 5" LCD screen is used to present the measurement values as well as the instrument’s interface - the MMI. Note In the following screen examples the application illustrated is mainly for the gas NH3 (ammonia). However they are valid for all applications and gases. 3 2 4 5 6 LIM STO CTRL TR 1 CODE mg/Nm3 NH3 X Ch1 H2O X Ch1 NH3 X Ch2 H2O X Ch2 % mg/Nm3 % LIM STO CTRL TR +/- 0 Figure 4-1 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 CODE CLEAR ESC INFO ENTER MEAS The keypad and the screen on LDS 6 1. Measured value. 2. Status display: LIM means: limit (alarm) signaling is idle and has been triggered. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 LIM means: limit (alarm) 41 Operation 4.1 General 3. Status line (can be parameterized using function 53). If a fault occurs during operation, the message "Maintenance request" or "Fault" appears in the status line depending on the importance of the fault. This message is displayed alternately with the status messages. 4. Unit display. 5. Measured component display. 6. Function keys with adaptive meaning (soft keys). Points 1 to 6 apply to channel 1. The elements are repeated in an analogous manner in the bottom half of the display for a two-channel analyzer (as shown). Table 4- 1 Table Op. 1 Switches/Keys 42 Meaning CLEAR Deletes a commenced number input. ENTER Every digit input (except fast selection of a function) must be confirmed by using this key. ESC Return by one step in the input structure. Modifications are imported. INFO Help information. MEAS Return from any position in the input structure to service mode (possibly with request whether to import the entered data). Pressing the MEAS key again results in locking of the analyzer; i.e. changing to service mode again is only possible following input of the code. Soft key Possible adaptive meanings: Selection of item in menu tree Selection of function Switch function ON/OFF Component selection LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Operation 4.1 General Editing Entries The values in the menus shown in this chapter should be understood as examples. ● An active input field is represented with brackets ([10]) as limiter. The cursor is positioned as a flashing line underneath the number to be entered (e.g. [23.45]). ● The input is terminated by pressing the ENTER key, and the value is stored. If several input fields are present in a menu, the cursor is automatically positioned to the next input field. Note Each input value must be confirmed with ENTER before you leave the menu. ● The CLEAR key can be used to delete an input. The cursor then returns to the first position of the input field. Graphic Styling Elements Switching function (ON status). Switching function (OFF status, also status display in the status line). Entry into a subsequent menu. Triggering of a function. Measuring mode: analyzer is coded. Service mode: signals are activated according to functions 71 and 77. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 43 44 7 Calibration Measuring Range Parameters H2O NH3 H2O ch2 ch2 ch1 ch1 No Only following modifications If NO, changes will be used in current session until restart or reset. 4 To Meas. Screen Save current modifications? Yes Start from measuring mode Measuring mode 9 oLIM oSTO oCTRL oTR oCODE 63.28 mg/Nm 11.13 %vol 63.28 mg/Nm 11.13 %vol 3 6 Configuration Main Menu Analyzer Status NH3 1 Service mode Relay "Function control" (CTRL, function 71) Input of password 2 Code 2 5 Store for analog output (function 77) Function Menu Hard keys Function Soft keys 4.2 oLIM oSTO oCTRL oTR oCODE 8 Operation 4.2 Input Sequence of Data Input Sequence of Data The figure "Input sequence interacting with LDS 6" below shows the input sequence of LDS 6. The circled numbers marking certain steps in the input sequence can also be found in the text following the figure. Coding of analyzer LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Operation 4.2 Input Sequence of Data Entry into Main Menu for a 1- or 2-Channel System Figure 4-2 Input sequence interacting with LDS 6 Entry into Main Menu for a 3-Channel System LIM STO 11.28 11.13 LIM STO 12.53 10.13 LIM STO CTRL mg/Nm3 % TR CODE NH3 Ch1 CTRL CODE TR mg/Nm3 % NH3 Ch2 CTRL CODE TR The appearance of the screen menu varies depending on the number of channels and the number of measured components. For a 3-channel system the soft keys of the measuring screen are assigned to channels instead of measured components. If the channel has two components it is necessary to pass a second channel-specific measuring screen before entering the component-specific main menu. NH3 Ch3 mg/Nm3 % 5.28 15.13 Whilst in Measuring Mode, the component is shown on the right, with an arrow ( ). A soft key ① is assigned to this specific component and it is called by pressing it. Each channel can be operated independently. Channel 1 11.28 11.13 LIM STO mg/Nm3 NH3 %vol H2 O CTRL TR CODE Main Menu Main Menu The main menu consists of the five items shown in the adjacent screen. Ch1 NH3 Analyzer Status Calibration Measuring Range Parameters Configuration Entering a Submenu Following the selection of a submenu, you will be asked to enter a password for service mode ② (exception: submenu "Analyzer status" which requires no password and is thus freely accessible). Analyzer status No code Calibration Access level 3 Measuring ranges Access level 1 Parameters Access level 1 Configuration Access level 2 The passwords for levels 1 and 2 are factory-set to the values "111" and "222" respectively. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 45 Operation 4.2 Input Sequence of Data Return to Measuring Screen To Meas. screen When pressing the MEAS key you return immediately to the measuring screen from any position in the menu structure ③. Any input started is aborted. Ch1 NH3 Save current modifications? Yes No If NO, changes will be used in current session until restart or reset. The adjacent question is displayed before the return is carried out. The modifications are imported into the working area of the parameter memory by pressing "Yes". By pressing "No" the modifications are nevertheless used in the working area of the parameter memory and are valid for the current session. To reject the modifications a restart of the instrument is required. The ESC key leads back step-by-step to measuring screen ⑤. Modifications are imported without questioning ⑥. Coding of Analyzer After returning to measuring screen using ESC or MEAS, the symbol CODE in the status line shows that the analyzer is still in service mode ⑦. The analyzer can be coded again ( CODE) by pressing the MEAS key once more ⑧, thus entering Measuring Mode ⑨. Simultaneously with the symbol CODE the symbol CTRL (Function control) appears in the status line, showing that the analyzer is not in measuring mode. External signaling via a relay contact is then possible if a corresponding relay has been configured with CTRL under function 71. Fast Selection of Functions A "Power user" input has been incorporated to allow immediate switching from the measuring display to the desired function display if frequent inputs are necessary. It is then possible to directly access the desired function by bypassing the menu levels. The "Power user" input can only be started from the Measuring Screen and comprises the following input steps: ● Enter number of desired function in measuring screen using the digit keys; ● Press the soft key next to the desired component; ● If you do not have the required privileges to change the desired function you will be requested to enter the password. For a channel with two components on a three-channel instrument you must first press the soft key next to the desired channel and thereafter (in the next window) press the soft key next to the desired component. 46 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Operation 4.3 Analyzer Functions 4.3 Analyzer Functions 4.3.1 Summary of Analyzer Functions The analyzer functions can be divided into the following three categories: ● Analyzer-specific functions act on all channels and components of the analyzer, independently from the analyzer component through which the function was called. ● Channel-specific functions act on all components of the corresponding channel, independently from the analyzer component through which the function was called. ● Component-specific functions act on a single component, and can only be called through this. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 47 Operation 4.3 Analyzer Functions The following table summarizes the functions of the analyzer. Table 4- 2 Summary of Analyzer Functions Main menu item (section) Function number Function designation 1* 2* 5.2.1 Analyzer Status 1 2 3 4 Analyzer Configuration Diagnostics Values Logbook Display Measuring Ranges x x x x 5.2.2 Calibration (code 3) 20 21 Zero Calibration Span Calibration 5.2.3 Measuring Range (code 1) 41 Define Ranges x 5.2.4 Parameters (code 1) 50 51 52 53 55 56 58 60 Response Time Limits Transmission Status Messages Select Display Digits LCD Contrast Date/Time Setup Logbook x x 70 71 72 73 74 75 77 79 81 80 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 Analog Output Relay Outputs Binary Inputs Communication Reset Save/Load Data Store Analog Output Codes Input Levels Select Language Analyzer Test Pressure Correction Temperature Correction Water Correction Path Length Unit Dry Gas On/Off Error On/Off Ethernet On/Off 5.2.5 Configuration (code 2) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 3* x x 1* Analyzer-specific functions. 2* Channel-specific functions. 3* Component-specific functions. Some of the existing functions in other Siemens analyzers are not present in LDS 6, thus some function numbers may be missing in the preceding table. 48 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Operation 4.3 Analyzer Functions 4.3.2 Analyzer Status Table 4- 3 Analyzer Status Ch1 NH3 1 Analyzer Configuration This display appears when pressing the first soft key ("Analyzer Status"), following the selection of the diagnostics functions in the main menu. The status functions are freely-accessible. You will not be asked to enter a password. 2 Diagnostics Values 3 Logbook 4 Display Meas. Range 1 Analyzer Configuration You can use this function to display important manufacturing data of the analyzer. 1 Analyzer Config. Ch1 NH3 Order No. 7MBXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Serial No. 60001 Software Package Version 23 OS Version 3 .0 .126 CE Software 1 .0 .314 CE Drv.Software 2 .3 .245 ...Continue X ● Ordering No: Information on ordering data of analyzer. ● Serial No: Consecutive number of analyzer. ● Software Package Version: Version number of the application-specific configuration software. ● OS Version: Version number of the Windows CE operative system running in the analyzer. ● CE Software: Version number of the LDS 6-specific software. ● CE Driver Software: Version number of the driver software. ● Analyzer uC Drv.Software: Version number of the software running on the main micro controller. ● Channel uC Drv.Software: Version number of the software running on the measurement channel micro controller. ● Opto uC Drv.Software: Version number of the software running on the opto module micro controller. ● Chan. FPGA Firmware: Version number of the firmware running on the measurement channel FPGA. ● Opto. FPGA Firmware: Version number of the firmware running on the laser controller FPGA. ● Ref. FPGA Firmware: Version number of the firmware running on the reference channel FPGA. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 49 Operation 4.3 Analyzer Functions 2 Diagnostics Values 2 Diagnostics Val. Ch1 NH3 Absolute Transmission 101.3 Units Relative Transmission 98.00 % You can use this function to display internal diagnostic values. These may be of interest when assessing faults or for adjustment operations. The absolute transmission is expressed in arbitrary units. The relative transmission is expressed as a percentage of the nominal value. The temperature and pressure reflect the measured or set conditions at the measurement point, and the measuring path the effective length of the path. Temperature 314.0 °C Pressure 1013 mbar (absolute) Measuring Path 1.000 m Table 4- 4 3 Logbook 3 Logbook Ch1 NH3 S1 13-11-03 16:43 + Optomodule Fault S1 13-11-03 16:37 + Optomodule Fault W3 12-11-03 23:55 Signal quality W3 12-11-03 23:54 + Signal quality ...Continue X Page 1 You can use this function to display logged messages. Any event which leads to a maintenance request (W) or fault message (S) is listed in the logbook (for a more detailed description of error handling see the chapter Alarms. Limit alarms (LIM), transmission alarms (TR), and function check (CTRL) are also recorded. However, these do not trigger a maintenance request or fault message. The soft key can be used to acknowledge the respective fault entry. The dot will then disappear. A "+" sign at the end of the entry means an activated alarm, a "-" sign an inactivated alarm. The logbook contains a maximum of ten pages, each of which can accommodate four messages. It operates according to the principle of a circulating buffer, i.e. the oldest message is overwritten when all ten pages are full (40 messages). Fault messages are not deleted if they have not been acknowledged. The logbook entries can be deleted or blocked (function 60), or also switched off individually (function 88). Note If a fault occurs when the error message is switched off by function 88, there is no reaction at the interface. This applies to the analog as well as to the relay outputs. 4 Display Measuring Ranges 4 Disp. Meas.Range Ch1 NH3 Start 0.00 End value 100.0 mg/Nm3 You can use this function to display measuring ranges. However, you cannot use this menu to modify the measuring ranges. To do so use function 41. The follwoing parameters are displayed. Start Value This value corresponds to a 4mA current on the analog output. End Value This value corresponds to a 20mA current on the analog output. See also Alarms (Page 65) 50 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Operation 4.3 Analyzer Functions 4.3.3 Calibration The LDS 6 is calibrated when delivered and does not normally require on site recalibration. Please consult Siemens support if recalibration is needed. CAUTION Never use functions 20 and 21 without having contacted Siemens service staff first. Inappropriate use of these functions may seriously affect the accuracy of the analyzer. Access to the calibration functions requires access code 3. 20 Zero Calibration 20 Zero Calib. Ch1 NH3 Zero Calibration Active The status of the calibration will be shown at the bottom of the screen. Calibrate Act. Val. You can use this function to calibrate the zero of a measuring range. When zero calibration is triggered the current measurement value is stored. This value will thereafter always be subtracted from the measurement signal. Only start the calibration, when the measured value is stable. 0.12 mg/Nm3 21 Span Calibration 21 Span Calib. Ch1 NH3 Setpoint 293.0 mg/Nm3 Act. Val. 288.1 mg/Nm3 You can use this function to calibrate the span setpoint of a measuring range. This display lists the setpoint and the current value. The calibration is triggered by pressing the third soft key. The current value is then set to coincide with the set point. Calibrate LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 51 Operation 4.3 Analyzer Functions 4.3.4 Measuring Ranges Table 4- 5 41 Define Ranges 41 Define Ranges You can use this function to define a measuring range by assigning a start-of-scale value to the bottom value (4 mA) and a full-scale to the top value (20 mA) of the analog output. Ch1 NH3 Start Value End Value 0.000 100.0 mg/Nm3 4.3.5 Parameters Table 4- 6 Parameters Ch1 NH3 50 Response Time 51 Limits This display, showing the selection of the parameter functions 50 to 53 appears following the selection of the parameter functions in the main menu by pressing the fourth soft key ("Parameters"). You can branch to the parameter functions 54 to 60 by pressing the fifth soft key (...Continue). 52 Transmission 53 Status Messages ...Continue 50 Response Time 50 Response Time Ch1 NH3 You can use this function to set various time constants to reduce or suppress noise in the measured signal. [5.000] Seconds Actual Measured Value: 63.28 mg/Nm3 52 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Operation 4.3 Analyzer Functions 51 Limits 51 Limits Ch1 NH3 Upper Limit[30.00] mg/Nm3 Lower Limit 0.00 mg/Nm3 The limit alarm is displayed on the status line if this has been set up by function 53. The alarm is also signalled by a relay if one has been assigned using function 71. The triggering of a limit alarm is registered in the logbook (function 3). Ch1 NH3 You can use this function to set the transmission parameters. A transmission alarm is triggered when the transmission is outside a permissible range. The lower alarm level of the transmission for a channel is set as a percentage of the nominal transmission value, where the nominal value is registered when the fourth soft key is pressed. The upper alarm level is set to a fixed value and cannot be changed by the user. Limit Alarm On/Off 52 Transmission 52 Transmission Alarm Level[5 You can use this functions to set concentration limits. A limit alarm will be triggered when the value of a component exceeds the permissible range set in this screen. The alarm can be turned off here. ] % Nominal 301.2 Units Absolute 285.0 Units Relative 84.93 % Set Nominal Value The transmission alarm is displayed on the status line if this has been set up by function 53. The alarm is also signalled by a relay if this has been set up by function 71. The triggering of a transmission alarm is registered in the logbook (function 3). Transm. Alarm On/Off 53 Status Messages You can use this function to display - within the status line - up to four different statuses which can be assumed by the analyzer. 53 Status Messages Ch1 NH3 Display Stored Value [STO] Display Limits [LIM] Display Func. Control [CTRL] Display Transm. Limits [TR] Table 4- 7 Op. 3 Function Status STO: Stored Value Analog output connected to memory (see also function 77). LIM: Limit Upward or downward violation of limit (see also function 51). CTRL: Function Control Start-up mode - Service mode. TR: Transmission Upward or downward violation of transmission limit (see also function 52). LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 53 Operation 4.3 Analyzer Functions 55 Select Digits You can use this function to select the number of decimal digits. The number of digits, including the decimal point, is always five when setting the function to automatic. 55 Select Digits Ch1 NH3 Supress Negative Values You can also use this function to suppress the output of negative values on the measuring screen. Digits After Automatic Decimal Point 56 LCD Contrast You can use this function to adjust the display contrast. 56 LCD Contrast Ch1 NH3 Brighter If the contrast is maladjusted you can re-establish the factory settings by pressing the third soft key ("Basic setting"). If the LCD contrast is extremely maladjusted, and if the analyzer is in measuring mode, you can also re-establish the basic setting by pressing the following key sequence: 8888 ENTER Darker In addition you can carry out an LCD test by pressing the fourth soft key ("Test"). Various test patterns are then shown in succession. The test can be stopped by pressing ESC. Basic Setting Test 58 Date/Time You can use this function to set the actual date and time. 58 Date/Time Ch1 NH3 New Date(dd-mm-yy;24h/day) [01-04-04] New Time (hh-mm; 24 h): 14:44 The analyzer has a system clock which is not protected against power failure (not a real-time clock). The clock is set at 01-01-00 00:00 when the analyzer is started. This function allows you to exactly set the date and time. This is particularly important when you need to assign a specific point in time to faults stored in the logbook. This can be helpful when troubleshooting. Set Clock After selection of this function an editing field appears in which you can enter day, month and year as "New date". Hours (24-hour system) and minutes are entered as "New time". Actual Date Actual Time 01-04-2004 14:44 The set data are imported when you press the third soft key ("Set Clock"). The data then appear as an active display at the bottom of the screen. Note Date and time must be reset in case of a power failure. 54 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Operation 4.3 Analyzer Functions 60 Setup Logbook 60 Setup Logbook You can use this function to delete or lock logbook entries (see also function 3). Ch1 NH3 Clear logbook Lock logbook 4.3.6 Configuration All functions of this block are only accessible via the password for level 2 except function 89 -Ethernet On/Off which requires code level 3. Following selection of the configuration functions in the main menu by pressing the fifth soft key ("...Continue"), you can branch to the further configuration functions. Input Menu Configuration Ch1 NH3 70 Analog Output 71 Relay Outputs 72 Binary Inputs 73 Communication ...Continue 70 Analog Outputs 70 Analog Output Ch1 NH3 4-20mA (NAMUR) Suppress negative measurement values You can use this function to switch the mode of the analog output between NAMUR and non NAMUR . If the NAMUR mode is chosen in this screen, the lower and upper limits of the analog outputs are 3.8 and 21.5 mA respectively, according to the NAMUR standard. Otherwise the limits are 2 and 21 mA. For both modes function 41 is used to set the limits of the analog output range to 4 mA (start of scale) and 20 mA (full scale). This means that the wider output range permits recording of measured values outside the adjusted output range, but the scaling is identical to the 4 to 20 mA span. If the function "Suppress negative measurement values" is activated, negative measured values are set to the analog output value which corresponds to a measuring value of 0. This analog output value depends on the adjusted measuring range. If negative measured values have an unfavorable effect on further processing, activate this function. The correct measured value is still output in the display. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 55 Operation 4.3 Analyzer Functions 71 Relay Outputs 71 Relay Outputs Ch1 NH3 R1 Fault You can use this function to configure relay outputs. The basic version contains six freely configurable relays per channel that can be used for signalling (maximum 24 V/1 A). Each relay can be assigned one of the functions listed in Table Op.4. The relay is normally energized and becomes de-energized upon an alarm. Up to four relays can be configured in one menu. By pressing the fifth (last) soft key ("...Continue") you can switch to further menus - and thus to further relays. R2 Maintenance Request R3 Transmission R4 Control ...Continue X Note Every change to the configuration of the relay outputs should always be stored in the user data memory using function 75. If this is not done, there is a risk that a previous (undesired) configuration is called when selecting "Load user data". Table 4- 8 Op.4 Relay Assignments Function Remarks Fault Signaling for faults specified in Operation chapter. Maintenance Request Signaling for Maintenance Requests specified in Operation chapter. Transmission Limit Alarm (TR) Upward or downward violation of transmission limit (see also function 52). Function Control (CTRL) Signaling when analyzer is in start-up mode or in service mode (coded). Limit Alarm Primary (LIM) Upward or downward violation of limit for the primary gas/component (see also function 51). Limit Alarm Secondary (LIM) Upward or downward violation of limit for the secondary gas/component - if applicable (see also function 51). Stored Value (STO) Relay may be de-energized simultaneously with fault, transmission alarm or function control depending on the configuration of function 77. You can freely configure the six floating binary inputs ["0" = 0 V (0...4.5 V); "1" = 24 V (13...33 V)] available in the basic version. 72 Binary Inputs 72 Binary Inputs Ch1 NH3 B1 Ext. Fault Temp. B2 Ext. Fault Prs. You can assign one of the control functions listed in Table Op. 5 to each input. The binary input should normally be energized. De-energizing the binary input will result in signalling of a fault. Up to four relays can be configured in one menu. Switching to further menus - and thus to further relays - is always carried out by pressing the fifth (last) soft key ("...Continue"). B3 Ext. Fault Purging B4 Ext. Maint.Req. Temp. ...Continue X 56 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Operation 4.3 Analyzer Functions Note Every change to the configuration of the binary inputs should always be stored in the user data memory using function 75. If this is not done, there is a risk that a previous (undesired) configuration is called when selecting "Load user data". Table 4- 9 Op.5 Binary Input Assignments Function Remarks External Fault Temperature Binary input should be de-energized upon fault signal from temperature transducer. External Fault Pressure Binary input should be de-energized upon fault signal from pressure transducer. External Fault Purging Binary input should be de-energized upon fault signal from purging equipment. External Fault General Binary input should be de-energized upon fault signal from unspecified equipment. External Maintenance Request Temperature Binary input should be de-energized upon maintenance request signal from temperature transducer. External Maintenance Request Pressure Binary input should be de-energized upon maintenance request signal from pressure transducer. External Maintenance Request Purging Binary input should be de-energized upon maintenance request signal from purging equipment. External Maintenance Request General Binary input should be de-energized upon fault maintenance request from unspecified equipment. You can use this function to set communication parameters. 73 Communication 73 Communication IP Address Type :Static: Ch1 NH3 This function should only be accessed by service personnel. l Static IP Address :123.456.789.012: Static Subnet Mask :255.255.255. 0: Static Gateway :123.456.789.012: LDSComm Port Number :5100: LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 57 Operation 4.3 Analyzer Functions 74 Reset 74 Reset You can use this function to carry out a cold restart of the analyzer, i.e. in case of a fault in program execution. Ch1 NH3 You must wait for the start-up time to elapse, before trying to use the display. The analyzer will automatically start to measure and will be ready for use after 1 to 3 minutes. Trigger Reset 75 Save/Load Data 75 Save/Load Data Ch1 NH3 Save User Data You can use this function to save or load user-specific data in the user data memory on the EEPROM. Saving of data should always be carried out after a successful starting-up of the system. All individual settings are then saved and can be recalled if necessary (load user data). This is significant if repairs or maintenance are to be carried out on an analyzer or if new parameter settings are to be tried. Load User Data Load Factory Settings Erase EEProm Section 75 Erase Section Ch1 NH3 You can use this function to erase the working area data and the user data on the EEPROM. The factory data can never be erased. Erase Work Section Erase User Section 58 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Operation 4.3 Analyzer Functions Main Memory Parameter Memory RAM EEPROM Factory Data Current Operations User Data Fct. 75 Fct. 75 After every change Working Area Figure 4-3 A summary of the interactions between RAM and EEPROM. The basic status of the analyzer (factory settings) can be reestablished using the function "Load Factory Settings" (function 75). 77 Store Analog Output 77 Store Ch1 NH3 Store Fault X Store Transmission X You can use this function to define the response of the analog output with certain alarms. The response for fault (S), transmission alarm (TR), for start-up, function control (CTRL) and transmission pending can be defined independently. Store Function Control X Store Trans. Pending Default: [0.00 77 Store Fault X ] ppm Ch1 NH3 Analog Output To: 3/1 mA You can use this function to set to one of the following modes: - default. This value has been set in the previous screen. - the latest measured value before the error occured - 3/1 mA. (3 mA if the NAMUR mode is active for the analog output in screen 70, and 1 mA otherwise) - off. This setting is used to ignore the current fault state for this error group. The analyzer continues to show the latest measured value. Use soft key 1 to switch between the different modes. When an alarm occurs and the analog output is set to the latest measured value or 3/1 mA, the display of the concentration value in the measuring screen will be suppressed. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 59 Operation 4.3 Analyzer Functions 79 Codes Input Levels 79 Codes Ch1 NH3 Code 1 [111] Code 2 222 80 Analyzer Test 80 Analyzer Test You can use this function to replace the factory-set codes ("111" for level 1 and "222" for level 2) with your own values. The value "000" disables all code settings and grants unrestricted access to the corresponding access level. You can use this function to test some output functions of the analyzer. The analyzer test comprises: Ch1 NH3 Keyboard Test Relay And Binary Test • Keyboard test – Analyzer-specific • Relay and binary test – Channel-specific • Analog test – Channel-specific Analog Test Keyboard Test The keyboard test can be used to check various keys on the input panel. Pressing one of the five soft keys at the right margin will make the associated point disappear or appear. When the digit keys and the sign key are pressed, the corresponding digit is stored in the editing field in the bottom line of the display. A message will be displayed in plain text as you press the INFO key; the MEAS and ESC keys retain their return functions. Relay and Binary Test Note Before performing analog or binary I/O tests remove all data connectors. The first display shows 6 of the relay and binary channels. Individual relays can be activated using the relay test. This is carried out by using the input field. A "1" activates the relay, a "0" releases it to the de-energized state. Digits other than 0 and 1 are not accepted by the input field. After leaving function 80, the relays reassume their former status, prior to selection of the relay and binary test. The column "Binary" shows the current status of the binary inputs in this display. 60 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Operation 4.3 Analyzer Functions Analog Test The analog test can be used to parameter the analog output with a constant current of 0 - 24 mA for test purposes. The analog input permanently shows the input currents in mA. 81 Select Language 81 Select Language Ch1 NH3 English You can use this function to switch the analyzer to a different dialog language. The new language will be effective in all screens only after having performed the following sequence: 1. Press the 'MEAS' key 2. Answer 'YES' in the following display Español 3. Restart the analyzer Italiano Français Deutsch Change requires restart 82 Pressure Correction 82 Pressure Corr. You can use this function to select one of the following: Ch1 NH3 Mode: Manual Measuring Range: [700.0]- 1300 mbar Limits: 700.0 - 1300 • Correction for pressure using an internal pressure sensor in the central unit; • Correction for pressure using an external pressure sensor via analog input 2; • Correction for pressure using a manual pressure value (example as shown on the adjacent display). mbar Manual Value: 1013 mbar Ana.Inp.2: 4-20mA(NAMUR) The pressure values are entered as absolute pressure values. The selected measuring range always corresponds to the analog input signal range of 4-20 mA. No other input signals can be used. If the pressure sensor is configured according to the NAMUR standard, the NAMUR mode should be selected for the analog input signal. In that case only input signals within the range of 3.8 - 21.5 mA are accepted. If the NAMUR mode is not selected, input signals within the range of 2 - 21 mA are accepted. The limits normally mark the span in which pressure compensation is possible. If the pressure signal exceeds the specified limits, this will be signalled as a maintenance request. The parameters for the pressure correction in the corresponding factory function are component-specific. Selection of the pressure mode in function 82 is channel-specific. The pressure correction can be switched off. 83 Temperature Correction 83 Temp. Corr. Ch1 NH3 Mode: Manual Measuring Range: [0.00 ]- 400.0 °C Limits: 0.00 - 1000 You can use this function to select one of the following: • Correction for temperature using an external temperature sensor via analog input 1 (example as shown on the adjacent display); • Correction for temperature using a manual temperature value; • Correction for temperature using the internally calculated process temperature. This is only possible if the LDS 6 is set up to measure the temperature of the measuring point. °C Manual Value: 300.0 °C Ana.Inp.1: 4-20mA(NAMUR) LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 61 Operation 4.3 Analyzer Functions The selected measuring range corresponds to the analog input signal range of 4-20 mA. No other input signals can be used. If the temperature sensor is configured according to the NAMUR standard, the NAMUR mode should be selected for the analog input signal. In that case only input signals within the range of 3.8 - 20 mA are accepted. If the NAMUR mode is not selected, input signals within the range of 2 - 21 mA are accepted. The limits normally mark the span in which temperature compensation is possible. If the temperature signal exceeds the specified limits, this will be signalled as a maintenance request. The parameters for the temperature correction in the corresponding factory function are component-specific. Selection of the temperature mode in function 83 is channel-specific. The temperature correction can be switched off. 84 Interference Correction 84 Interf. Corr. Ch1 NH3 CO2 Correction Active O2 Correction Active You can use this function to activate or deactivate correction of cross interference from other gases. The gases that require corrective measures depend on the application and only the appropriate ones are visible in screen 84. The function should be turned off when calibrating dry gas. If the gas is not calculated by the instrument itself, a gas concentration value should be entered manually. This value should be the typical or average concentration of the interfering gas. H2O Correction Active Manual Value: [10.0 ] % 84 H2O Correction 84 H2O Correction Ch1 NH3 H2O Correction Active You can use this function for applications where a water correction is indicated. If the water concentration is not measured by the instrument itself, a water concentration value can be entered manually, otherwise this function is blocked. In applications without water compensation, the function 84 is not accessible. Manual Value: [10.0 ] % 85 Path Length 85 Path Length You can use this function to set the length of the measuring path for the specific channel. Please refer to the sensor manual for more information on measuring the path length. Ch1 NH3 [1.000] m 62 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Operation 4.3 Analyzer Functions 86 Measurement Unit 86 Unit You can use this function to set the unit for a specific. Possible concentration units are: ppm, % (vol), mg/Nm3 EU or mg/Nm3 US (American standard component), possible temperature units are: °C, °F or K. Ch1 NH3 mg/Nm3 EU 87 Dry Gas On/Off You can use this function to display the dry value of a concentration following the subtraction of the water volume from the total volume of a gas. 87 Dry Gas On/Off Ch1 NH3 Activation of this function is available for both applications where water vapor is calculated internally in LDS 6 and applications where water vapor is set manually. If this function is available in the current LDS 6, it can be activated in the adjacent display, otherwise it is not possible to access function 87. Dry Gas 88 Error On/Off You can use this function to individually switch off the indication of maintenance requests and faults so that neither an entry in the logbook, nor a status signal or external signal will take place. 88 Error On/Off Ch1 NH3 S1 Optomodule Fault S2 Laser Current Fault S3 Signal Quality Fault S4 Compensation Temp. Limit ...Continue X 89 Ethernet Chip On/Off 89 Ethernet Ch1 NH3 You can use this function to enable or disable a communication via ethernet. This action requires code level 3 and the setting must be saved to the registry to make it persistent. Ethernet enabled Save registry See also Maintenance Request Alarm (Page 67) LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 63 Operation 4.4 Watch Dog 4.4 Watch Dog In the unlikely event that the software in LDS 6 should crash it will reboot with the help of a watch dog. The instrument will be down for approximately 3 minutes if this should happen and then measure normally again. It is very unusual that this should happen but if it does the watchdog prevents the system from going down and stay down. From this point, normal startup behaviour Module crash Measurement OK Figure 4-4 64 Frozen value 0 mA output Function control mode (configurable) 0 mA out if response is latest or if Function control is off 0-16 s approx 1 min approx 1 min Measurement OK Illustration of the events during a software crash. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 5 Alarms 5.1 Alarm Response LDS 6 is able to recognize and alarm for irregularities in its functions. There are five types of alarms that can be triggered depending on the nature of the error: ● Maintenance request alarm ● Faults alarm ● Transmission alarm ● Limit alarm ● Function control alarm Status Row When the alarms limit (LIM), transmission limit (TR) or function control (CTRL) occur, their corresponding square symbol in the status row will be lit (if this has been set up in function 53). If a Maintenance request or a Fault is triggered the text "Maintenance request" or "Fault" will appear on the status line. This message is output alternately with the status messages. "STO" and "CODE" may also appear in the status line, but these are not signaling for alarms (see the chapter "Operation"). Table 5- 1 Logbook 3 Logbook Ch1 NH3 At the same time that an alarm is activated (marked with a "+" sign) and inactivated (marked with a "-" sign) a new message will appears in the logbook (function 3). The message will also show the time when it was recorded in the logbook together with a short text describing the alarm. S1 13-11-03 16:43 + Optomodule Fault S1 13-11-03 16:37 + Optomodule Fault W3 12-11-03 23:55 Signal quality W3 12-11-03 23:54 + Signal quality ...Continue X Page 1 Faults are considered to be more severe than other alarms and are therefore treated somewhat different in the logbook. When a fault message first appears in the logbook it is marked with a filled circle to the right. To inactivate the fault alarm the fault message must be acknowledged by pressing the soft key next to it. This also removes the circle. The text in the status line as well as the response by functions 71 and 77 will not change until the fault message has been acknowledged. If the cause that triggered the fault alarm has not been corrected, a new message will appear directly as soon as the first fault message is acknowledged. Every time a new message occurs, the report stored in the logbook is shifted by one memory location. A total of 40 locations are available, and the oldest of the 40 reports is deleted when a new one occurs. A power failure will delete all reports. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 65 Alarms 5.1 Alarm Response Function 60 can be used to switch off the logbook and also to delete the messages stored in it. The output of messages can become inconvenient particularly during test runs. Therefore this function can be switched off using function 88. It is not recommended to use this facility during normal operation. Relays If the relay outputs of the analyzer have been configured accordingly, it is possible to output a signal when an alarm occurs. Stored Value The analog output can be set to the last measured value or to 3 mA when an alarm occurs (function 77). This response signal is only possible for "Fault alarm", "Transmission alarm", "Transmission pending" and "Function control alarm". See also Configuration (Page 55) 66 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Alarms 5.2 Maintenance Request Alarm 5.2 Maintenance Request Alarm A "Maintenance request" alarm is set when a modification of the analyzer is needed. The measuring ability of the analyzer may not be affected during the time this alarm is active. However, to guarantee reliable measurement in the future, it may be necessary to carry out corrective measures. The following table shows the different alarm messages signaling for maintenance request that can appear in the logbook. These can be individually deactivated using function 88. Table 5- 2 Alarm messages No. Error Message Possible Causes Action W1 Opto module Laser damage. Leaking reference cell. Reference cell displacement. Electronics damage. Contact service. W2 Laser current Change of laser current due to aging of laser. Contact service. W3 External maintenance request Maintenance request from outside. Check external equipment. W4 Set clock LDS 6 has been switched off. Set date and time. W5 Ambient Analyzer Ambient temperature or pressure is beyond limits Make sure that the ambient specified in technical data. temperature ranges between 5 °C - 45 °C and the ambient pressure corresponds to a place below 2000 m above the sea level. W6 Ambient Channel Ambient temperature is outside limits specified in Make sure that the ambient technical data. temperature ranges between 5 °C - 45 °C. W7 Analog Out Error in calibration of analog output. Re-calibration is necessary. Contact service. W8 Error Handler Analyzer Internal error log is full. Contact service. W9 Error Handler Channel Internal error log is full. Contact service. W10 Data Flow Analyzer Electronics failure in internal communication. Contact service. W11 Data Flow Channel Electronics failure in internal communication. Contact service. W12 Compensation Temperature Limit External temperature signal is outside the limits. Check signal. Make sure that the temperature is within the limits specified in function 83. W13 Compensation Pressure Limit External pressure signal is outside the limits. Check signal. Make sure that the pressure is within the limits specified in function 82. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 67 Alarms 5.3 Faults Alarm 5.3 Faults Alarm Any faults in the hardware that makes the analyzer unable to carry out measurements, result in a "fault alarm". The measured value flashes, and then it is always necessary to take corrective measures. The faults listed in the following table lead to a fault alarm message in the logbook. These can be individually deactivated by using function 88. Table 5- 3 Fault alarm messages No. Error Message Possible Causes Action S1 Opto module Laser damage. Leaking reference cell. Reference cell displacement. Electronics damage. Contact service. Contact service. S2 Laser Current Change of laser current due to ageing of laser. S3 Signal Quality Signal amplitude too high due to high component Contact service. concentration. Signal amplitude too low when measuring temperature. Contact service. External signaling. Check external equipment. S6 External Fault S7 Supply Voltage Channel Internal power failure. Contact service. S8 Supply Voltage Analyzer Internal power failure. Contact service. S9 Serial EEProm Internal EEProm failure. Contact service. S11 FPGA Channel Electronics failure in data acquisition unit. Contact service. S12 CAN Analyzer Electronics failure in internal communication. Contact service. S13 CAN Channel Electronics failure in internal communication. Contact service. S14 Data Flow Analyzer Electronics failure in internal communication. Contact service. 68 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Alarms 5.4 Transmission Alarm 5.4 Transmission Alarm The alarm (TR) appears either if the transmission falls below a limit defined by function 52 or if it exceeds a fixed limit. The following table shows the possible reasons that can set it: Table 5- 4 Transmission Alarms Possible Causes 5.5 Action Dirty windows. Clean windows. Sensors not aligned. Align sensors. Purging not working. Make sure purging is working. Clean purging tubes. Transmission too high. Adjust the potentiometer of the detector. Limit Alarm The limit alarm (LIM) appears if the signal exceeds the limits set by function 51. 5.6 Function control alarm The function control (CTRL) is activated when the analyzer performs an action during which the measurement value may be incorrect. The triggering of CTRL should normally not require an action from the user. The following list shows some possible causes to why CTRL is activated: Possible Causes ● Start-up procedure is active. ● Analyzer is de-coded. ● Analyzer is communicating with external service software. ● Analyzer is shutting down. ● Analyzer is saving data to EEProm or Flash memory. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 69 Maintenance and Service 6.1 6 General about Maintenance and Service During normal use, the central unit LDS 6 requires no service. The sensor with its optical surfaces will need regular maintenance. Depending on application and purging method, the interval of maintenance may vary from 1 to 12 months. If the transmission in a channel drops below the level set by the user, the transmission alarm will be activated. The sensor in this channel needs to be serviced by cleaning the wedge windows or realigning the optical path. For details on Maintenance and service of the sensor delivered with your system, please refer to the corresponding sensor manual. 6.2 Cleaning the Central Unit CAUTION Always make absolutely sure that no water gets into the unit during cleaning. Failure to do so may result in a breakdown of the unit! Use only a dry cloth without any cleaning agents. Since the central unit contains optical surfaces great care should be taken when cleaning. Only outer surfaces may be cleaned. 6.3 Cleaning the Wedge Windows Before the sensors are removed make sure that: ● no purging is active WARNING Steam purging Particularly when using steam for purging it is absolutely mandatory to turn it off since overheated steam is not visible! Failure do do so may result in severe burn damages! ● No hazardous or hot gases can escape from the process. ● Appropriate protection against hot surfaces on and around the sensor is used. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 71 Maintenance and Service 6.4 Calibration Verification To clean the wedge windows proceed as follows: 1. Release the lock ring closest to the process – use an appropriate tool – and pull the sensor out. 2. Clean the window on the wedge tube. If the optical lens needs cleaning the second lock ring needs to be released. Extra care should be taken since the lens is anti-reflection coated and sensitive to scratches. 3. Clean the optical surface with a soft cloth or window cleaner containing ammonia. Soap water also works fine in many cases. Start at the centre and work with circular movements towards the rim. 4. Remove all dust particles using pressurized air or flushing water. 5. When the sensor is re-installed make sure that the guide pin fits the hole on the purging flange. Screw on the lock ring and tighten it gently with the tool. If this operation is performed properly, it will not affect the alignment of the sensor. 6.4 Calibration Verification For ammonia (NH3) a calibration check of LDS 6 analyzer can be done using a reference cell arrangement containing a mixture of the measurement gas and nitrogen. The unit should be used in conjunction with the 2 meter hybrid cable that is delivered with each calibration verification kit. This calibration check is described in a specific instruction. 72 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Maintenance and Service 6.5 Reconfiguration of Temperature Compensation 6.5 Reconfiguration of Temperature Compensation Manual to External 1. Starting from "Measuring Window", navigate to the component or channel for which you want to change the compensation mode. Press the soft key for "Configuration". Enter the password for privilege level 2 (the password is factory-set to the value "222", but may have been replaced by a new one). Press "Continue" twice and then select function 83 "Temperature Correction". 2. Press the first soft key to change the text "Manual" to "External Analog In". 3. Set the measuring range to the temperatures that correspond to the analog input signal 4 mA and 20 mA respectively. 4. Set the limits to suitable values. If the temperature signal exceeds the limits a fault will be triggered. Note that the limits cannot be set outside a certain range. 5. Press MEAS to return to measurement screen. Press MEAS again to loose privileges. 6. Hardware connections: Connect the 4-20 mA wires to pins 3 and 11 on the 15 pin trapezoidal plug (D-SUB plug) at the rear. The conductor cross-section should be >0.5 mm2. 7. The procedure has to be repeated for other channels. It is not necessary to repeat it for more than one component per channel since it is a channel specific function. External to Manual 1. Starting from "Measuring Window", navigate to the component or channel for which you want to change the compensation mode. Press the soft key for "Configuration". Enter the password for privilege level 2 (the password is factory-set to the value "222", but may have been replaced by a new one). Press "Continue" twice and then select function 83 "Temperature Correction". 2. Press the first soft key to change the text "External Analog In" to "Manual". 3. Set the manual value to the preferred value. 4. Press MEAS to return to measurement screen. Press MEAS again to loose privileges. 5. The procedure has to be repeated for other channels. It is not necessary to repeat it for more than one component per channel since it is a channel specific function. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 73 Maintenance and Service 6.6 Reconfiguration of Pressure Compensation 6.6 Reconfiguration of Pressure Compensation Manual to External 1. Starting from "Measuring Window", navigate to the component or channel for which you want to change the compensation mode. Press the soft key for "Configuration". Enter the password for privilege level 2 (the password is factory-set to the value "222", but may have been replaced by a new one). Press "Continue" twice and then select function 82 "Pressure Correction". 2. Press the first soft key to change the text "Manual " to "External Analog In". 3. Set the measuring range to the pressures that correspond to the analog input signal 4 mA and 20 mA respectively. 4. Set the limits to suitable values. If the temperature signal exceeds the limits a fault will be triggered. Note that the limits cannot be set outside a certain range. 5. Press MEAS to return to measurement screen. Press MEAS again to loose privileges. 6. Hardware connections: Connect the 4-20 mA wires to pin 4 and 12 on the 15 pin trapezoidal plug (D-SUB plug) at the rear. The conductor cross-section should be >0.5 mm2. 7. The procedure has to be repeated for other channels. It is not necessary to repeat it for more than one component per channel since it is a channel specific function. External to Manual 1. Starting from "Measuring Window", navigate to the component or channel for which you want to change the compensation mode. Press the soft key for "Configuration". Enter the password for privilege level 2 (the password is factory-set to the value "222", but may have been replaced by a new one). Press "Continue" twice and then select function 82 "Pressure Correction". 2. Press the first soft key to change the text "External Analog In" to "Manual". 3. Set the manual value to the preferred value. 4. Press MEAS to return to measurement screen. Press MEAS again to loose privileges. 5. The procedure has to be repeated for other channels. It is not necessary to repeat it for more than one component per channel since it is a channel specific function. 74 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Maintenance and Service 6.7 Reconfiguration of the Path Length 6.7 Reconfiguration of the Path Length 1. Starting from "Measuring window", press the soft key next to the component for which you want to change the path length. Press the soft key for "Configuration". Enter the password for privilege level 2 (the password is factory-set to the value "222", but may have been replaced by a new one). Press "Continue" twice and then select function 84 "Path Length". 2. Press first soft key to edit the path length. Enter the new path length and press ENTER. 3. Press MEAS to return to measurement screen. Press MEAS again to loose privileges. 4. The procedure has to be repeated for other channels. It is not necessary to repeat the procedure for more than one component per channel since this function is a channelspecific function. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 75 7 Spare Parts List 7.1 Compatibility of detectors with central units For all gases except O2, LDS6 exists in two versions as a consequence of a major upgrade. Three of the LDS6 spare parts are affected by the change and will consequently exist in two different versions. The "Sensor electronic" spare parts consist of one detector and one detector PCB (A5E00681433) respectively. The PCB is not affected by the modification but the detector is different. This spare parts list corresponds to the technical state of February 2009. 7.1.1 Detector Labels The detector A5E-number indicates if a sensor is to be used with a Version 2 central unit. Besides the example in the following picture also A5E1033996 (HCl) and A5E1030124 (CD 6C) are used with version 2. The detector revision number (e.g. ES01) is only important if selecting a spare part that has been stored for some time. To avoid degraded performance, do not use a spare part with a lower revision number to replace a detector with higher revision number. Figure 7-1 Labeling on the detector unit See also Spare Parts Lists (Page 79) LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 77 Spare Parts List 7.1 Compatibility of detectors with central units 7.1.2 Central Unit Labels Starting February 2009 all version 1 units with MLFB number 7MB6121- (Made in France) are labelled 'E04'. Former version 1 units with MLFB number 7MB6121- (Made in France) are labeled "E01": LDS 6 Central Unit 1P 2P S 7MB6121-0CA10-0XX1-Z +A10+B20 E01 N1S1000001 100-240 V 50-60 Hz 50 VA Made in France All Version 2 units with MLFB number 7MB6121- (Made in France) are labeled "E02" or higher: LDS 6 Central Unit 1P 2P S 7MB6121-0CA10-0XX1-Z +A10+B20 E02 N1S1000001 100-240 V 50-60 Hz 50 VA Made in France Almost all units with MLFB number 7MB6021- (Made in Sweden) were delivered as Version 1. Only a few of these have been delivered with version 2 electronics. There is no label indicating this exception but it applies to the following serial numbers: LRN/U9 000011 LRN/U9 000013 LRN/U9 000014 LRN/U9 000016 LRN/U9 000017 LRN/U0 000001 LRN/U0 000002 LRN/U0 000005 LRN/U0 000007 LRN/U0 000008 LRN/U0 000010 LRN/U0 000014 LRN/U0 000015 LRN/U0 000016 LRN/U0 000017 LRN/U0 000018 LRN/UD 000002 78 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Spare Parts List 7.2 Spare Parts Lists 7.2 Spare Parts Lists All spare parts are identified by an order number. For example the order number A5E00854188 corresponds to a 3 channel external power supply. Table 7- 1 Spare parts central unit Product description Order no. LDS 6, CU_PCB1 w. CAC_PCB (spare part), software < R20 A5E00928615 LDS 6, CU_PCB1 w. CAC, software R20 or higher A5E00338478 LDS 6, CU_PCB2 (spare part), software < R20 A5E00928875 LDS 6, CU_PCB2, software R20 or higher A5E00338485 LDS 6, CU_PCB2 for ATEX, software R20 or higher A5E00902930 LDS 6, CU_PCB2 for ATEX, software < R20 A5E00980288 LDS 6, Front plate with display A5E00290645 LDS 6, Power supply for central unit A5E00290646 LDS 6, Fuse for central unit 100 - 240 V, T2.5L250V A5E00854185 LDS 6, 3 Channel external power supply A5E00854188 LDS 6, Fuse for external power supply 100 - 240 V, T1.25L250V A5E00854190 LDS 6, D-sub 15pin with cable entry A5E00338618 LDS 6, D-sub 25pin with cable entry A5E00338622 Table 7- 2 Spare parts cables Product description Order no. Standard hybrid cable LW 5 m A5E00818626001 Standard hybrid cable LW 10 m A5E00818626002 Standard hybrid cable LW 25 m A5E00818626003 Standard hybrid cable LW 40 m A5E00818626004 Standard hybrid cable LW 50 m A5E00818626005 Standard hybrid cable SW 5 m A5E00818619001 Standard hybrid cable SW 10 m A5E00818619002 Standard hybrid cable SW 25 m A5E00818619003 Standard hybrid cable SW 40 m A5E00818619004 Standard hybrid cable SW 50 m A5E00818619005 Standard loop cable 5 m A5E00818640001 Standard loop cable 10 m A5E00818640002 Standard loop cable 25 m A5E00818640003 Hybrid cable SW 2m A5E00814073 Hybrid cable LW 2m A5E00814171 Hybrid cable LW customized length (please specify length in order) A5E00856746 Hybrid Cable SW customized length (please specify length in order) A5E00856745 Loop Cable customized length (please specify length in order) A5E00856744 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 79 Spare Parts List 7.2 Spare Parts Lists Table 7- 3 Product description Order no. CD 6, Launcher, complete A5E02359462 CD 6, Filter for air blower A5E00853935 CD 6, Window module, quartz A5E00338487 CD 6, Window module engine, no purging A5E00338490 CD 6, Purging tube 400mm, sintered filter A5E00858612 CD 6, Purging tube 400mm air blower adapter A5E00858615 CD 6, Purging tube 800mm, sintered filter A5E00858611 CD 6, Purging tube 800mm, air blower adapter A5E00858614 CD 6, Purging tube 1200mm, sintered filter A5E00338496 CD 6, Purging tube 1200mm, air blower adapter A5E00858580 CD 6, Sensor box transmitter LW A5E00902914 CD 6, Sensor box transmitter SW A5E00902916 CD 6, Sensor box receiver SW A5E00902917 CD 6, Sensor box receiver LW A5E00902918 CD 6, High pressure with flange, 1.4404 stainless steel, DN65/PN6 A5E00534662 CD 6, High pressure with flange, 1.4404 stainless steel, DN80/PN16 A5E00534663 CD 6, High pressure with flange, 1.4404 stainless steel, ANSI 4" A5E00534664 CD 6, Air blower 115 V A5E00829150 CD 6, Air blower 230 V A5E00829151 CD 6, Alignment kit A5E00253142 CD 6, Entry seal for sensor A5E00853911 Table 7- 4 Spare parts CD 6C sensor Product description Order no. CD 6C, Sensor box transmitter A5E00854163 CD 6C, Sensor box receiver A5E00905117 CD 6C, High pressure window DN80/PN16 A5E00534671 CD 6C, Alignment kit A5E00534673 Table 7- 5 80 Spare parts CD 6 sensor Spare parts sensors electronics Product description Order no. CD 6, Sensor electronic LW InGaAs (Version 1) A5E00338540 CD 6, Sensor electronic LW InGaAs NEL (Version 2) A5E01090409 CD 6, Sensor electronic LW HCl only (Version 1) A5E00338552 CD 6, Sensor electronic LW HCl only NEL (Version 2) A5E01090413 CD 6, Sensor electronic SW, O2 only A5E00338533 CD 6C and FT 6, Sensor electronic lppm H2O (Version 1) A5E00854159 CD 6C and FT 6, Sensor electronic lppm H2O NEL (Version 2) A5E01090420 FT 6, Sensor FT 6 electronics A5E00338540 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Spare Parts List 7.3 Ordering Instructions Please note that three of the LDS 6 sensor electronic spare parts are version-dependent. (The PCBs are not affected but detector electronics are different). Table 7- 6 Spare parts ATEX Product description Order no. LDS6, Barrier box 1 channel A5E00902922 LDS6, Barrier box 2 channels A5E00902926 LDS6, Barrier box 3 channels A5E00902927 CD 6, Sensor electronic ATEX SW A5E00338563 CD 6, Sensor electronic ATEX HCl A5E00853896 CD 6, Sensor electronic ATEX NH3, CO, CO2, HF, H2O A5E00338572 CD 6C and FT 6, Sensor electronic lppm H2O ATEX A5E00924868 Window module, quartz, ATEX CD 3002 A5E00338594 LDS6, Entry seal for barrier box A5E00979661 See also List of Abbreviations (Page 95) 7.3 Ordering Instructions All orders should specify the following: 1. Quantity. 2. Product description. 3. Order number. 4. MLFB number and serial number of the instrument to which the spare part will be used. 5. For sensor electronics, A5E and revision numbers of the detector to be replaced 7.4 Repair/Upgrade Faulty equipment should be sent to the repair department with details of the fault and its origin. When ordering replacement equipment, please specify the serial number of the original equipment. Your will find the serial number on the rating plate. Address of the responsible repair location, your contact, list of spare parts etc. can all be found on Internet: http://www.siemens.com/automation/service&support or http://www.automation.siemens.com/partner LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 81 8 Technical Data 8.1 Central Unit All critical components are housed in the central unit which can be placed several hundred meters away from the measurement point. Table 8- 1 Analytical performance (The exact performance can be obtained from the individual analyzer data sheet) Analytical performance Measuring ranges Internally adjustable Detection limit HF HCl NH3 H2O (top measuring range) O2 CO (one component) CO2 (one component) CO/CO2 at 25 °C, 1000 hPa, 1 m path length and ambient air. Calculation based on VDI 2449 with measurement on each supplied analysis device during temperature test (between +5 ... +45 °C) according to VDI 4203 0.1 ppm 0.6 ppm (0.2 ppm for TÜV/MCerts analyzers) 1 000 ppm 1 000 ppm 1 000 ppm 300 ppm 300 ppm 600 ppm/1.500 ppm Smallest recommended measuring range HF HCl NH3 H2O (top measuring range) O2 CO (one component) CO2 (one component) CO/CO2 0 ... 5 ppm 0 ... 10 ppm 0 ... 10 ppm 0 ... 5 vol % 0 ... 5 vol. % 0 ... 1.5 vol. % 0 ... 1.5 vol. % 0 ... 3 vol. % / 0 ... 7.5 vol. % The maximum applicable measuring ranges can be found in the table of standard combinations. These can only be applied if the individual process conditions allow. We recom mend to contact our Technical Support for checking the applicability. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 83 Technical Data 8.1 Central Unit Table 8- 2 Analytical performance (The exact performance can be obtained from the individual analyzer data sheet) Analytical performance (continued) Accuracy 2% of the measured value or minimum detection limit (whichever is largest) for: - NH3 (all versions) - O2 (not with combination with temperature) - CO (all versions) - CO2 (all versions) 5% of the measured value or minimum detection limit (whichever is largest) due to calibration gas uncertainties for: - HF (all versions) - HCl (all versions) - H2O - O2 (combination with temperature) Linearity Better than 1 % Precision 2 % of the measured value or minimum detection limit (whichever is largest) Zero point drift Negligible Measured-value drift Negligible Calibration interval No calibration required due to internal reference cell Table 8- 3 General General Concentration units ppmv, % vol., mg/Nm3 EU, mg/Nm3 US Display Digital concentration display (5 digits with floating decimal point) Laser protection class Class 1, safe to the eye Certificates CE marking, TÜV, MCERTS Table 8- 4 Design Design, enclosure 84 Degree of protection IP20 to EN 60529 Dimensions 177 x 440 x 380 mm Weight Approx. 13 kg Mounting horizontal LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Technical Data 8.1 Central Unit Table 8- 5 Electrical characteristics Electrical characteristics Power supply 100 ... 240 V AC 50 ... 60 Hz, automatically adapted by the system; with a 3-channel central unit, an additional external power supply +24 V DC, 50 VA is included in the scope of delivery Power consumption 50 W EMC According to EN 61326 and standard classification of NAMUR NE21 Electric safety According to EN 61010-1, overvoltage classification II Fuse specifications 100 ... 240 V: T2.5L250V Table 8- 6 Dynamic response Dynamic response Warm-up time at 20 °C ambient air temperature Approx. 15 min. Response time Better than 3 sec., dependent on application Integration time 1 ... 100 sec., selectable Table 8- 7 Influencing variables Influencing variables Ambient temperature of measured value < 0.5 %/10 K Atmospheric pressure Negligible Gas pressure compensation Recommended for all gases except O2/low pressure Pressure compensation - oxygen, high pressure - CO/CO2 - all other gases except O2/low pressure 0.1 ... 0.5 kPa 0.095 ... 0.14 kPa 0.095 ... 0.105 kPa Power supply changes < 1 %/30 V Tilting < 1 % for non-horizontal mounting of the central unit < 15° LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 85 Technical Data 8.1 Central Unit Table 8- 8 Electrical inputs and outputs Electrical inputs and outputs Number of measurement channels 1 ... 3, optional Analog outputs 2 per channel, 4 ... 20 mA, floating, ohmic resistance max. 750 Ω Analog inputs 2 per channel, designed for 4 ... 20 mA Binary outputs 6 per channel, with changeover contacts, configurable, 24 V AC/DC/1 A, floating Binary inputs 6 per channel, designed for 24 V, floating, configurable Communication interface Ethernet 10BaseT (RJ-45) Table 8- 9 Climatic conditions Climatic conditions Temperature range - during operation - during transportation and storage 86 5 ... 45 °C (41 ... 113 °F) -40 ... +70 °C (-40 ... +158 °F) Atmospheric pressure 80 ... 110 kPa Humidity < 85 % RH, above dew point LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Technical Data 8.2 Hybrid and Sensor Cables 8.2 Hybrid and Sensor Cables Table 8- 10 General General Configuration hybrid cable Two optical fibers and two twisted copper wires in one cable for 24 V DC. Single-mode optical fiber configured at both ends with E2000 angle connectors. Multimode optical fiber configured at both ends with SMA connectors. Cable sheath Oil-resistant polyurethane Dimensions - Diameter - Length < 8 mm, up to 1 000 m for lengths > 500 m, an external power supply must be additionally ordered for installations in Ex zones, non-intrinsically-safe cables have to be spatially separated from intrinsically-safe lines, lengths <600 m Impact resistance 200 N/cm Maximum tensile strength 500 N Minimum bending radius 10 cm Table 8- 11 Climatic conditions Climatic conditions Ambient temperature -40 ... +80 °C during operation Rel. humidity < 95 % rel. humidity, above dew point LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 87 Technical Data 8.3 Purging 8.3 Purging Conditions of purging media As medium nitrogen is permissible for purging the sensor side. Nitrogen, steam, air and gases which are not subject to the pressure equipment directive Cat. 2 are permissible as purging gases for the process side. Table 8- 12 Purging with air and nitrogen Purging with instrument air, N2 Pressure at purging inlet 200 ... 800 kPa Maximum overpressure in the sensor < 500 hPa Quality - Instrument air - Nitrogen free of oil and water Purity better than 99.7 %. For oxygen measurements, an O2 content < 0.01 % is recommended in the purging gas (optical path length ≥ 1 m, min. 5 % oxygen in the process gas) Maximum flow rate 500 l/min Dew point Benchmark: ≤10 °C, condensation on the optics must be avoided Table 8- 13 Blower purging Blower purging Maximum counter pressure 4 kPa Maximum flow rate 350 l/min Power consumption 370 W Degree of protection (fan) IP54 Table 8- 14 Steam purging Steam purging 88 Steam conditioning Overheated Maximum temperature 240 °C Minimum pressure > 400 kPa Maximum pressure 1 600 kPa, refers to a volume flow of approx. 1 100 l/min LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 9 Dimensional Drawings Central unit 101.6 178 The central unit will fit in a standard 19" rack. The dimensions are shown below. LDS 6 Figure 9-1 428 351.5 440 465 483 Dimensional drawings of the central unit – LDS 6 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 89 Dimensional Drawings Connections SLQFRQQHFWRU %LQDU\LQSXWVDQG UHOD\RXWSXWV SLQFRQQHFWRU %LQDU\LQSXWVDQG DQDORJLQSXWVRXWSXWV (WKHUQHW FRQYHUWHU 56 3RZHUVXSSO\ DQGIXVHV Figure 9-2 90 +\EULGFDEOH VXSSRUW ( VLQJOHPRGH RSWRFRQQHFWRU 60$ PXOWLPRGH RSWRFRQQHFWRU 9'& VHQVRU VXSSO\ LDS 6, three-channel 19" central unit, optical and electrical connections LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 Dimensional Drawings Pin assignment Connector SUB-D 15F GND 15 14 13 12 GND 11 GND 10 GND 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 GND Analog output 2-P Analog output 2-N Analog output 1-P Analog output 1-N NC GND Analog input 2-P Analog input 2-N Analog input 1-P Analog input 1-N Binary input 6-P Binary input 5-P Binary inputs 5 to 6-N GND Analog outputs: floating (also to one another), RL ≤ 750 Ω Pressure correction Pressure correction Temperature correction Temperature correction Component 2 (if present) Component 1 Non-floating analog inputs Floating via opto isolator "0" = 0 V (0 to 4.5 V) "1" = 24 V (13 to 33 V) Connector SUB-D 25F GND 13 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 GND Figure 9-3 14 12 11 10 GND Binary input 4-P Binary input 3-P Binary input 2-P Binary input 1-P Binary inputs 1 to 4-N Floating via opto isolator "0" = 0 V (0 to 4.5 V) "1" = 24 V (13 to 33 V) Relay 6 9 8 7 Relay 5 Relay 4 6 5 4 Relay 3 The relay is de-energized in the shown contact position Relay 2 3 2 Relay 1 1 GND Contact loading max. 24 V/1 A, AC/DC Pin assignment of the LDS 6 central unit LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 91 ESD guidelines A.1 A ESD guidelines Definition of ESD All electronic modules are equipped with large-scale integrated ICs or components. Due to their design, these electronic elements are highly sensitive to overvoltage, and thus to any electrostatic discharge. The electrostatic sensitive components/modules are commonly referred to as ESD devices. This is also the international abbreviation for such devices. ESD modules are identified by the following symbol: CAUTION ESD devices can be destroyed by voltages well below the threshold of human perception. These static voltages develop when you touch a component or electrical connection of a device without having drained the static charges present on your body. The electrostatic discharge current may lead to latent failure of a module, that is, this damage may not be significant immediately, but in operation may cause malfunction. Electrostatic charging Anyone who is not connected to the electrical potential of their surroundings can be electrostatically charged. The figure below shows the maximum electrostatic voltage which may build up on a person coming into contact with the materials indicated. These values correspond to IEC 801-2 specifications. LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 93 ESD guidelines A.1 ESD guidelines 9ROWDJHLQN9 N9                  6\QWKHWLFPDWHULDO  :RRO  $QWLVWDWLFPDWHULDOIRUH[DPSOHZRRG RUFRQFUHWH               Figure A-1 5HODWLYHKXPLGLW\LQ Electrostatic voltages on an operator Basic protective measures against electrostatic discharge ● Ensure good equipotential bonding: When handling electrostatic sensitive devices, ensure that your body, the workplace and packaging are grounded. This prevents electrostatic charge. ● Avoid direct contact: As a general rule, only touch electrostatic sensitive devices when this is unavoidable (e.g. during maintenance work). Handle the modules without touching any chip pins or PCB traces. In this way, the discharged energy can not affect the sensitive devices. Discharge your body before you start taking any measurements on a module. Do so by touching grounded metallic parts. Always use grounded measuring instruments. 94 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 B List of Abbreviations B.1 List of Abbreviations Abbreviation / symbol Explanation ″ Inch - 1″ ≙ 25.4 mm < Less than > Greater than ≤ Less than or equal to ≥ Greater than or equal to ° Degrees °C Degrees Celsius - 1 °C ≙ 1.8 °F °F Degrees Fahrenheit - 1 °F ≙ 0.555... °C AC Alternating Current ANSI American National Standards Institute ATEX ATmosphères Explosibles (French for Explosive atmosphères) CAC Communication and Analytical Control cm² Square centimeters CO2 Carbondioxide CU Central Unit (of the analyzer) DC Direct Current DN Diameter nominal EEPROM Electrically-Erasable Programmable Read-only Memory EEx European Energy Exchange e.g. For example EMC Electromagnetic compatibility ESD Electrostatic Discharge EU European Union Ex Energy Exchange FPGA Field-programmable Gate Array H2O Water HCl Hydrogen chloride HF Hydrogen fluoride hPa Hectopascal HU Height unit for computer housings, 1 HU ≙ 1¾" ≙ 44.45 mm K Kelvin kHz Kilohertz kΩ Kiloohms kPa Kilopascal LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 95 List of Abbreviations B.1 List of Abbreviations Abbreviation / symbol LAN Local Area Network l Liters lb Pound (0.45359237 kilograms) lbf Pound-force (≈ 4.448222 Newton) LCD Liquid Crystal Display LD Laser Diode LDS Laser Diode Spectrometer LDSComm Laser Diode Spectrometer Communication software LED Light Emitting Diode LVC Low Voltage Directive LW Long Wave Fibre (for oxygen analyzers) mA Milliamperes max. Maximum mba, MBA Start of measuring range mbar Millibars mbe, MBE End of measuring range mg Milligrams mg/Nm3 96 Explanation EU Milligrams per dry standard cubic meter (European standard) The concentration is based on the following conditions according to DIN EN 1343: - 0°C ambient temperature - 1 013 hPa barometric pressure mg/Nm3 US Milligrams per dry standard cubic meter (US standard) The concentration is based on the following conditions according to SATP: - 25°C ambient temperature - 1 013 hPa barometric pressure min Minute, or minimum ml Milliliters MLFB German for Machine-Readable Product Code mm Millimeters mm² Square millimeters MPa Megapascal mΩ Milliohms MΩ Megaohms NAMUR Standards working committee for measuring and control technology in the chemical industry NH3 Ammonia Nm3 (dry) Standard Cubic meter O2 Oxygen PA Process Automation PC Personal Computer PCB Printed Circuit Board PDM Process Device Manager LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 List of Abbreviations B.1 List of Abbreviations Abbreviation / symbol Explanation pF Picofarad (10-12 Farad) PLC Programmable Logic Controller PN Pressure Nominal ppm Parts per million Pt Platinum PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene (plastic, commercial name, e.g. Teflon) QAL Quality Assurance Level RAM Random Access Memory s Seconds SELV Safety Extra Low Voltage SMA Sub-Miniature A, a coaxial connector type SW Short Wave Fibre (for oxygen analyzers) TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol; a reference model for communication on the Internet uC Microcontroller V Volts Vol % Volume percent Δ Difference (delta) Ω Ohms LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 97 Index A E Alarms, 65 Analyzer functions Logbook, 50 Analyzer status, 49 Application, 11 Applicational setup, 20 Approval, 27 Electric connections Hybrid cable, 31 Power supply, 29 Electrical Connecions, 29 Electrical connection 3 Channel system, 35 Electrical connections Connectors, 90 Signal cable, 32 Error messages, 67 ESD guidelines, 93 B Benefits, 10 C Calibration, 51 Central unit Configuration, 55 Connections, 90 Design, 13 Dimensions, 89 Technical specifications, 83 Cleaning, 71 Communication, 63 configuration, 55 Configuration Analyzer test, 60 Codes, 58 Communication settings, 57 Compensation of side effects, 61, 73 Data handling, 58 Device setup, 20 Inputs and outputs, 55 Cross-duct sensor Design, 16 F Functions, 47 G Guidelines ESD guidelines, 93 H Hybrid cable, 18, 87 I Installation, 28 L Laser diode spectrometer Functional principle, 19 Logbook, 50, 65 D Dimensional drawings, 89 Display and control panel Design, 14 Functions, 41 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 M Maintenance, 71 Measurement Influencing variables, 23 Measuring ranges, 52 99 Index O Operation Analyzer functions, 41 Functional principle, 21 Overview, 9 P Parameters, 52 S Safety Information Electrical safety, 25 Explosion Protection, 26 Heat Safety, 26 Laser Safety, 25 Pressure Safety, 26 Service, 71 Spare parts, 77 T Technical specifications, 83 100 LDS 6 Operating Instructions, 01/2009, A5E00295894-05 In-situ Laser Gas Analyzer Operating Instructions • 01/2009 Operating Instructions • 01/2009 LDS 6 In-situ Laser Gas Analyzer  LDS 6 Siemens AG Industry Automation (IA) Sensors and Communication Process Analytics 76181 KARLSRUHE DEUTSCHLAND Änderungen vorbehalten A5E00295894-05 © Siemens AG 2009 www.siemens.com/processautomation A5E00295894D-05 GN: 30500_LDS6 A5E00295894 A5E00295894 4 019169 134279 Continuous Gas Analysis